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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): Difference between revisions

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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) (view source)

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NMN and its impact on longevity are at the cutting edge of anti-aging research, with new discoveries and insights emerging regularly, deepening our understanding of the aging process and potential interventions to extend health and lifespan.
NMN and its impact on longevity are at the cutting edge of anti-aging research, with new discoveries and insights emerging regularly, deepening our understanding of the aging process and potential interventions to extend health and lifespan.
== Legal ==
=== European Union (EU) ===
In the European Union, the classification and regulation of substances are often determined by their intended use and the claims made by the manufacturer or distributor. As of the latest update, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is classified as a chemical in the EU and has not been approved for human consumption. This classification is due to the EU's stringent regulations surrounding novel foods and substances, emphasizing consumer safety.
While NMN is not approved for human consumption in the EU, consumers may come across NMN products online that appear to be marketed for human use. However, these are officially sold either as chemicals for research and laboratory purposes or as supplements for animals, including dogs and cats. It is important for consumers to recognize the legal status and potential risks of such unapproved substances.
=== United States (US) ===
In November 2022, the US [[Food and Drug Administration (FDA)]] issued a statement saying that NMN may not be sold as a supplement, citing its status as being under investigation as a drug. This development is a reversal of the FDA's previous decision to allow its sale as a new dietary supplement (NDI). The reason for the reversal is unknown, but in December 2021, Metro International Biotech, a startup pharmaceutical company that has developed the NMN formulation MIB-626, wrote to the FDA: "As a company that has instituted publicly available clinical trials on ß-NMN, we request that FDA take the preclusion provision … seriously to protect the rights of companies that have spent significant time and research to develop drug products from competition from dietary supplements". According to Insider, the FDA confirmed that it had considered Metro's request. <ref>https://www.nmn.com/news/fda-bans-labeling-nmn-as-a-supplement</ref>
==Different Forms of NMN==
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) exists in two stereoisomeric forms, α-NMN and β-NMN, which have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
===β-NMN===
β-NMN is the biologically active form of NMN, predominantly utilized in scientific studies and supplements. It is integral in the biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular aging. When references are made to NMN in the context of supplementation or scientific research, it typically pertains to β-NMN due to its biological significance and activity.
===α-NMN===
α-NMN, on the other hand, does not participate in NAD+ biosynthesis and lacks the biological activity and associated health benefits of β-NMN. It is not the focus of NMN-related research or supplementation.
=== MIB-626 ===
MIB-626, developed by MetroBiotech, is a microcrystalline form of NMN. This formulation may offer enhanced stability, solubility, or bioavailability compared to the regular crystalline form of NMN, potentially optimizing the efficacy of NMN supplementation.


== Sources of NMN in Food ==
== Sources of NMN in Food ==
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While these foods can contribute to NAD+ levels through the provision of NMN, the quantities present are relatively small, and it is currently unclear whether dietary intake alone can significantly impact NAD+ levels in the body. Therefore, research into NMN supplementation is ongoing to explore its potential in maintaining or elevating NAD+ levels and mitigating age-related decline.
While these foods can contribute to NAD+ levels through the provision of NMN, the quantities present are relatively small, and it is currently unclear whether dietary intake alone can significantly impact NAD+ levels in the body. Therefore, research into NMN supplementation is ongoing to explore its potential in maintaining or elevating NAD+ levels and mitigating age-related decline.
== Legal ==
=== European Union (EU) ===
In the European Union, the classification and regulation of substances are often determined by their intended use and the claims made by the manufacturer or distributor. As of the latest update, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is classified as a chemical in the EU and has not been approved for human consumption. This classification is due to the EU's stringent regulations surrounding novel foods and substances, emphasizing consumer safety.
While NMN is not approved for human consumption in the EU, consumers may come across NMN products online that appear to be marketed for human use. However, these are officially sold either as chemicals for research and laboratory purposes or as supplements for animals, including dogs and cats. It is important for consumers to recognize the legal status and potential risks of such unapproved substances.
=== United States (US) ===
In November 2022, the US [[Food and Drug Administration (FDA)]] issued a statement saying that NMN may not be sold as a supplement, citing its status as being under investigation as a drug. This development is a reversal of the FDA's previous decision to allow its sale as a new dietary supplement (NDI). The reason for the reversal is unknown, but in December 2021, Metro International Biotech, a startup pharmaceutical company that has developed the NMN formulation MIB-626, wrote to the FDA: "As a company that has instituted publicly available clinical trials on ß-NMN, we request that FDA take the preclusion provision … seriously to protect the rights of companies that have spent significant time and research to develop drug products from competition from dietary supplements". According to Insider, the FDA confirmed that it had considered Metro's request. <ref>https://www.nmn.com/news/fda-bans-labeling-nmn-as-a-supplement</ref>
==Different Forms of NMN==
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) exists in two stereoisomeric forms, α-NMN and β-NMN, which have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
===β-NMN===
β-NMN is the biologically active form of NMN, predominantly utilized in scientific studies and supplements. It is integral in the biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular aging. When references are made to NMN in the context of supplementation or scientific research, it typically pertains to β-NMN due to its biological significance and activity.
===α-NMN===
α-NMN, on the other hand, does not participate in NAD+ biosynthesis and lacks the biological activity and associated health benefits of β-NMN. It is not the focus of NMN-related research or supplementation.
=== MIB-626 ===
MIB-626, developed by MetroBiotech, is a microcrystalline form of NMN. This formulation may offer enhanced stability, solubility, or bioavailability compared to the regular crystalline form of NMN, potentially optimizing the efficacy of NMN supplementation.


== Considerations for NMN Supplementation ==
== Considerations for NMN Supplementation ==
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