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Bioavailability: Difference between revisions
→Measuring Bioavailability
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:<math>F = \frac{AUC_{\text{oral}} \times Dose_{\text{IV}}}{AUC_{\text{IV}} \times Dose_{\text{oral}}} \times 100\%</math> | :<math>F = \frac{AUC_{\text{oral}} \times Dose_{\text{IV}}}{AUC_{\text{IV}} \times Dose_{\text{oral}}} \times 100\%</math> | ||
where AUC is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for oral (AUC<sub>oral</sub>) and intravenous (AUC<sub>IV</sub>) administration, and Dose refers to the dose administered via each route. | where AUC is the [[Area Under the Curve (AUC)|area under the plasma concentration-time curve]] for oral (AUC<sub>oral</sub>) and intravenous (AUC<sub>IV</sub>) administration, and Dose refers to the dose administered via each route. | ||
=== '''Relative Bioavailability''': === | === '''Relative Bioavailability''': === | ||
This compares the bioavailability of a drug in different formulations, usually against a standard. The formula is: | This compares the bioavailability of a drug in different formulations, usually against a standard. The formula is: | ||
<math>F_{\text{rel}} = \frac{AUC_{\text{test}} \times Dose_{\text{ref}}}{AUC_{\text{ref}} \times Dose_{\text{test}}} \times 100\%</math> | :<math>F_{\text{rel}} = \frac{AUC_{\text{test}} \times Dose_{\text{ref}}}{AUC_{\text{ref}} \times Dose_{\text{test}}} \times 100\%</math> | ||
where AUC<sub>test</sub> and AUC<sub>ref</sub> are the areas under the curve for the test and reference formulations, respectively, and Dose is the dose for each. | where AUC<sub>test</sub> and AUC<sub>ref</sub> are the [[Area Under the Curve (AUC)|areas under the curve]] for the test and reference formulations, respectively, and Dose is the dose for each. | ||
== Improving Bioavailability== | |||
==Improving Bioavailability== | |||
Research and development in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sciences focus on enhancing bioavailability through various means: | Research and development in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sciences focus on enhancing bioavailability through various means: | ||
*'''Advanced Delivery Systems''': Liposomal delivery, microencapsulation, and nanoformulations are designed to protect substances from degradation and enhance absorption. | *'''Advanced Delivery Systems''': Liposomal delivery, microencapsulation, and nanoformulations are designed to protect substances from degradation and enhance absorption. | ||