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Bioavailability (view source)

Revision as of 08:58, 13 November 2023

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→‎Factors Affecting Bioavailability
VisualWikitext
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Where each factor represents a different aspect of how a substance is processed in the body:
Where each factor represents a different aspect of how a substance is processed in the body:


* '''F<sub>C</sub> (Liberation)''': This is the fraction of a micronutrient or drug that becomes available from its food matrix or dosage form in the GIT. It's influenced by factors like the physical and chemical form of the substance, processing methods, and the presence of other components that might bind or interact with the nutrient or drug.
{| class="wikitable"
* '''F<sub>B</sub> (Bio-accessibility)''': This refers to the portion of the substance that is released from the food product or dosage form and then dissolves in the GIT liquids, making it available for absorption. This stage is affected by various factors including the pH and enzyme activity in the GIT, as well as the solubility and stability of the nutrient or drug in the intestinal environment.
!F
* '''F<sub>A</sub> (Absorption)''': This is the fraction of the substance that passes through the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation. Factors influencing absorption include the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, the presence of transporters and enzymes, and the physicochemical properties of the substance like molecular size, lipophilicity, and charge.
!Factor
* '''F<sub>M</sub> (Metabolism)''': This represents the fraction of the substance that remains in a bioactive form after undergoing metabolic transformations. This includes changes due to enzymatic activity within the GIT, as well as liver metabolism and systemic circulation. The metabolic stability of a compound and its susceptibility to enzymatic degradation are key factors here.
!Description
!Influencing Factors
|-
|'''F<sub>C</sub>'''
|'''Liberation'''
|The fraction of a micronutrient or drug that becomes available from its food matrix or dosage form in the GIT.
|Physical and chemical form of the substance, processing methods, interactions with other components.
|-
|'''F<sub>B</sub>'''
|'''Bioaccessibility'''
| The portion of the substance that is released from the food product or dosage form and dissolves in the GIT liquids.
|GIT pH and enzyme activity, solubility and stability of the nutrient or drug.
|-
|'''F<sub>A</sub>'''
|'''Absorption'''
|The fraction of the substance that passes through the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation.
|Gastrointestinal mucosa integrity, presence of transporters and enzymes, physicochemical properties of the substance.
|-
|'''F<sub>M</sub>'''
|'''Metabolism'''
|The fraction of the substance that remains in a bioactive form after metabolic transformations.
|Enzymatic activity within the GIT, liver metabolism, systemic circulation, metabolic stability, and enzymatic degradation susceptibility.
|}


Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT.
Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT.


==Improving Bioavailability==
==Improving Bioavailability==
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Understanding and optimizing bioavailability is fundamental for the effectiveness of drugs and nutritional supplements. As research progresses, new methods and formulations continue to emerge, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
Understanding and optimizing bioavailability is fundamental for the effectiveness of drugs and nutritional supplements. As research progresses, new methods and formulations continue to emerge, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic and nutritional interventions.


==See Also==
==See Also ==


*[[Area Under the Curve (AUC)]]
*[[Area Under the Curve (AUC)]]
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*Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Bioavailability|Bioavailability]]
*Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Bioavailability|Bioavailability]]


== Todo ==
==Todo==


* {{pmid text|28344274}}
*{{pmid text|28344274}}


== References ==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Pharmacokinetics]]
[[Category:Pharmacokinetics]]
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