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Bioavailability: Difference between revisions
→Factors Affecting Bioavailability
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Where each factor represents a different aspect of how a substance is processed in the body: | Where each factor represents a different aspect of how a substance is processed in the body: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!F | |||
!Factor | |||
!Description | |||
!Influencing Factors | |||
!Example | |||
|- | |||
|'''F<sub>C</sub>''' | |||
|'''Liberation''' | |||
|The fraction of a micronutrient or drug that becomes available from its food matrix or dosage form in the GIT. | |||
|Physical and chemical form of the substance, processing methods, interactions with other components. | |||
|Reduced liberation of [[Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)|vitamin B12]] from food sources in the elderly due to decreased stomach acid production, impacting the release and subsequent absorption of B12. | |||
|- | |||
|'''F<sub>B</sub>''' | |||
|'''Bioaccessibility''' | |||
|The portion of the substance that is released from the food product or dosage form and dissolves in the GIT liquids. | |||
|GIT pH and enzyme activity, solubility and stability of the nutrient or drug. | |||
|Dissolution of an omega-3 fatty acid capsule in the intestinal fluid. | |||
|- | |||
|'''F<sub>A</sub>''' | |||
|'''Absorption''' | |||
|The fraction of the substance that passes through the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation. | |||
|Gastrointestinal mucosa integrity, presence of transporters and enzymes, physicochemical properties of the substance. | |||
|Absorption of [[Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)]] is generally low due to its large molecular weight and fat solubility, making it better absorbed when taken with meals rich in fats. | |||
|- | |||
|'''F<sub>M</sub>''' | |||
|'''Metabolism''' | |||
|The fraction of the substance that remains in a bioactive form after metabolic transformations. | |||
|Enzymatic activity within the GIT, liver metabolism, systemic circulation, metabolic stability, and enzymatic degradation susceptibility. | |||
|[[Resveratrol]] is rapidly metabolized in the liver into various metabolites, which may have reduced biological activity compared to the parent compound, affecting its overall bioavailability and potential health benefits. | |||
|} | |||
Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT. | Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT. | ||
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Understanding and optimizing bioavailability is fundamental for the effectiveness of drugs and nutritional supplements. As research progresses, new methods and formulations continue to emerge, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic and nutritional interventions. | Understanding and optimizing bioavailability is fundamental for the effectiveness of drugs and nutritional supplements. As research progresses, new methods and formulations continue to emerge, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic and nutritional interventions. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also == | ||
*[[Area Under the Curve (AUC)]] | *[[Area Under the Curve (AUC)]] | ||
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*Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Bioavailability|Bioavailability]] | *Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Bioavailability|Bioavailability]] | ||
== Todo == | ==Todo== | ||
* {{pmid text|28344274}} | *{{pmid text|28344274}} | ||
==References== | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Pharmacokinetics]] | [[Category:Pharmacokinetics]] | ||