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Virus Infection: Difference between revisions
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===Zinc=== | ===Zinc=== | ||
Zinc is another micronutrient identified as vital for immune function. Its deficiency can lead to weakened immune response, increasing susceptibility to infections. | Zinc is another micronutrient identified as vital for immune function. Its deficiency can lead to weakened immune response, increasing susceptibility to infections. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! Inflammatory and Innate Immune Response | |||
! Adaptive Immune Response | |||
|- | |||
! Vitamin A | |||
|* Integrity of epithelia | |||
* Differentiation and function of NK cells | |||
* Promotion of Foxp3+ Treg generation | |||
* Inhibition of Th1/Th17 generation | |||
* Phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of macrophages | |||
* Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 | |||
| * Growth and differentiation of B cells | |||
* Production of antibodies | |||
* Immunoregulatory function of Treg cells | |||
|- | |||
! Vitamin C | |||
|* Barrier integrity | |||
* Scavenger of ROS | |||
* Chemotactic ability and antibacterial activity of neutrophils | |||
* Apoptotic process of neutrophils | |||
* Reduction of formation of neutrophil extracellular traps | |||
| * Differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells | |||
* Immunostimulator of antibody production (IgM and IgG) | |||
* T-cell maturation via epigenetic mechanisms | |||
|- | |||
! Vitamin D | |||
|* Production of antimicrobial peptides | |||
* Modulation of macrophages/monocytes and dendritic cells functions | |||
* Limits overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages (IL1, TNFα) | |||
|* Limits overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines from T cells (IFNγ, IL2, IL8, IL6) | |||
* Th1 to Th2 shift, increases Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL10) | |||
* Induces differentiation of Treg | |||
* Reduces excessive antibody production | |||
|- | |||
! Zinc | |||
|* Maintenance of membrane barrier integrity | |||
* Direct antiviral effects | |||
* Decreases oxidative stress | |||
|* Limits excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL6, and TNF-α) | |||
* Enhances the number of Treg | |||
|- | |||
! Omega 3 FA | |||
|* Structures of cell membranes | |||
* Inhibition of cytokine production | |||
* Inhibiting neutrophil migration | |||
* Clearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes | |||
|* Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) | |||
* Treg cells formation | |||
* B cells activation | |||
* Upregulate CCR5 expression | |||
|} | |||
==Supplementation as a Supportive Measure== | ==Supplementation as a Supportive Measure== | ||