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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Difference between revisions
→Dietary Sources
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==Dietary Sources == | ==Dietary Sources == | ||
Vegetable oils are the richest sources of dietary CoQ<sub>10</sub>; Meat and fish also are quite rich in CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels over 50 mg/kg may be found in beef, pork, and chicken heart and liver. Dairy products are much poorer sources of CoQ<sub>10</sub> than animal tissues. Among vegetables, parsley and perilla are the richest CoQ<sub>10</sub> sources, but significant differences in their CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels may be found in the literature. Broccoli, grapes, and cauliflower are modest sources of CoQ<sub>10</sub>. Most fruit and berries represent a poor to very poor source of CoQ<sub>10</sub>, with the exception of avocados, which have a relatively high CoQ<sub>10</sub> | Vegetable oils are the richest sources of dietary CoQ<sub>10</sub>; Meat and fish also are quite rich in CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels over 50 mg/kg may be found in beef, pork, and chicken heart and liver. Dairy products are much poorer sources of CoQ<sub>10</sub> than animal tissues. Among vegetables, parsley and perilla are the richest CoQ<sub>10</sub> sources, but significant differences in their CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels may be found in the literature. Broccoli, grapes, and cauliflower are modest sources of CoQ<sub>10</sub>. Most fruit and berries represent a poor to very poor source of CoQ<sub>10</sub>, with the exception of avocados, which have a relatively high CoQ<sub>10</sub> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels in selected foods | |+CoQ<sub>10</sub> levels in selected foods{{pmid|20301015}} | ||
! colspan="2" |Food !!CoQ<sub>10</sub> concentration (mg/kg) | ! colspan="2" |Food !!CoQ<sub>10</sub> concentration (mg/kg) | ||
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|salmon||4–8 | |salmon||4–8 | ||
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===Intake=== | ===Intake=== | ||
In the developed world, the estimated daily intake of CoQ<sub>10</sub> has been determined at 3–6 mg per day, derived primarily from meat.< | In the developed world, the estimated daily intake of CoQ<sub>10</sub> has been determined at 3–6 mg per day, derived primarily from meat.{{pmid|20301015}} | ||
South Koreans have an estimated average daily CoQ (Q<sub>9</sub> + Q<sub>10</sub>) intake of 11.6 mg/d, derived primarily from kimchi.{{doi|10.1016/j.jfca.2011.03.018}} | |||
===Effect of heat and processing=== | ===Effect of heat and processing=== | ||
Cooking by frying reduces CoQ<sub>10</sub> content by 14–32%. | Cooking by frying reduces CoQ<sub>10</sub> content by 14–32%.{{pmid|9129255}} | ||
== Biochemical Function == | == Biochemical Function == | ||
CoQ<sub>10</sub> is integral to the electron transport chain on the inner membrane of mitochondria, facilitating the conversion of electrons from food into ATP. Its roles, however, extend beyond energy production. It is essential for uncoupling proteins and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. Additionally, CoQ<sub>10</sub> is involved in extramitochondrial electron transport and affects membrane physicochemical properties. It impacts gene expression, which can alter overall metabolism. The primary alterations in energetic and antioxidant functions are believed to underpin its therapeutic effects {{pmid|35199552}}. | CoQ<sub>10</sub> is integral to the electron transport chain on the inner membrane of mitochondria, facilitating the conversion of electrons from food into ATP. Its roles, however, extend beyond energy production. It is essential for uncoupling proteins and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. Additionally, CoQ<sub>10</sub> is involved in extramitochondrial electron transport and affects membrane physicochemical properties. It impacts gene expression, which can alter overall metabolism. The primary alterations in energetic and antioxidant functions are believed to underpin its therapeutic effects {{pmid|35199552}}. | ||