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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Difference between revisions
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===Effect of heat and processing=== | ===Effect of heat and processing=== | ||
Cooking by frying reduces CoQ<sub>10</sub> content by 14–32%.{{pmid|9129255}} | Cooking by frying reduces CoQ<sub>10</sub> content by 14–32%.{{pmid|9129255}} | ||
== Legal == | |||
CoQ<sub>10</sub> is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition.<ref name="NCI">{{cite web |last1= White |first1=J. |date= 14 May 2014 |title= PDQ® Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |url= http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/coenzymeQ10/HealthProfessional |publisher= [[National Cancer Institute]], [[National Institutes of Health]], [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services]] |access-date= 29 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/es11/resources/mitochondrial-disorders-in-children-coenzyme-q10-pdf-1158110303173 |title=Mitochondrial disorders in children: Co-enzyme Q10 |date=28 March 2017 |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |location=UK}}</ref> However, it is sold as a dietary supplement in the name of UbiQ 300 & UbiQ 100, not subject to the same regulations as medicinal drugs, and is an ingredient in some cosmetics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hojerová |first1=J |title=[Coenzyme Q10--its importance, properties and use in nutrition and cosmetics]. |journal=Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie: Casopis Ceske Farmaceuticke Spolecnosti a Slovenske Farmaceuticke Spolecnosti |date=May 2000 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=119–23 |pmid=10953455}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and why is it in skin care products? |url=https://www.webmd.com/beauty/qa/what-is-coenzyme-q10-coq10-and-why-is-it-in-skin-care-products |website=WebMD |language=en}}</ref> The manufacture of CoQ<sub>10</sub> is not regulated, and different batches and brands may vary significantly:<ref name="NCI" /> a 2004 laboratory analysis of CoQ<sub>10</sub> supplements on sale in the US found that some did not contain the quantity identified on the product label. Amounts ranged from "no detectable CoQ<sub>10</sub>", through 75% of stated dose, up to a 75% excess.<ref>{{cite news |date= Aug–Sep 2004 |title= ConsumerLab.com finds discrepancies in strength of CoQ<sub>10</sub> supplements |periodical= [[Townsend Letter|Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients]] |page= 19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.consumerlab.com/news/coq10-coenzyme-q10-tests/01-13-2004/ |date= Jan 2004 |title= ConsumerLab.com finds discrepancies in strength of CoQ<sub>10</sub> supplements |website=ConsumerLab.com}}</ref> | |||
== Biochemical Function == | == Biochemical Function == | ||
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=== Hypertension === | === Hypertension === | ||
It is also of interest in the context of central mechanisms controlling blood pressure due to its effects on the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which are related to | It is also of interest in the context of central mechanisms controlling blood pressure due to its effects on the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which are related to cardiovascular hypertension.{{pmid|35199552}} | ||
=== Diabetic Retinopathy === | === Diabetic Retinopathy === | ||
A particular area of interest is how CoQ<sub>10</sub> might help with a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of blindness in adults. High blood sugar in diabetes can harm tiny blood vessels in the eye, leading to this condition. The damage causes stress to the eye and can lead to the growth of unhealthy blood vessels, worsening the problem [Citations 55-57]. Since CoQ<sub>10</sub> can help the mitochondria work better and has antioxidant properties, it might be useful in treating this eye condition. {{pmid|33641585}} | A particular area of interest is how CoQ<sub>10</sub> might help with a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of blindness in adults. High blood sugar in diabetes can harm tiny blood vessels in the eye, leading to this condition. The damage causes stress to the eye and can lead to the growth of unhealthy blood vessels, worsening the problem [Citations 55-57]. Since CoQ<sub>10</sub> can help the mitochondria work better and has antioxidant properties, it might be useful in treating this eye condition. {{pmid|33641585}} | ||
Phase II clinical trials have been looking at CoQ<sub>10</sub> for an early diabetic retinopathy, also called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Patients who took 400 mg of CoQ<sub>10</sub> every day for 12 weeks to 6 months (different trials) showed improvements in blood flow and energy production in their cells compared to those who didn’t take it. These findings suggest that CoQ<sub>10</sub> could help slow down the worsening of this eye disease by improving blood supply and energy use in the eye, which could help prevent the eye damage from getting worse. More studies are needed to see if CoQ<sub>10</sub> can help stop diabetic retinopathy from progressing to more severe stages. {{pmid|33641585}} | Phase II clinical trials have been looking at CoQ<sub>10</sub> for an early diabetic retinopathy, also called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Patients who took 400 mg of CoQ<sub>10</sub> every day for 12 weeks to 6 months (different trials) showed improvements in blood flow and energy production in their cells compared to those who didn’t take it. These findings suggest that CoQ<sub>10</sub> could help slow down the worsening of this eye disease by improving blood supply and energy use in the eye, which could help prevent the eye damage from getting worse. More studies are needed to see if CoQ<sub>10</sub> can help stop diabetic retinopathy from progressing to more severe stages.{{pmid|33641585}} | ||
== Safety and Dosage == | == Safety and Dosage == | ||
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*'''Blood thinner warfarin''': CoQ<sub>10</sub> may interfere with warfarin's actions by interacting with cytochrome p450 enzymes thereby reducing the INR, a measure of blood clotting.{{pmid|27012265}} The structure of coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> is very similar to that of vitamin K, which competes with and counteracts warfarin's anticoagulation effects. Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> should be avoided in patients currently taking warfarin due to the increased risk of clotting.{{pmid|20601617}} | *'''Blood thinner warfarin''': CoQ<sub>10</sub> may interfere with warfarin's actions by interacting with cytochrome p450 enzymes thereby reducing the INR, a measure of blood clotting.{{pmid|27012265}} The structure of coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> is very similar to that of vitamin K, which competes with and counteracts warfarin's anticoagulation effects. Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> should be avoided in patients currently taking warfarin due to the increased risk of clotting.{{pmid|20601617}} | ||
*'''Chemotherapy drugs'''{{pmid|35199552}} | *'''Chemotherapy drugs'''{{pmid|35199552}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||