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Hallmarks of Aging: Difference between revisions
→The Twelve Hallmarks of Aging (2023)
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| rowspan="5" style="background-color:hsla(195, 100%, 85%);" |'''Molecular<br>Level''' | | rowspan="5" style="background-color:hsla(195, 100%, 85%);" |'''Molecular<br>Level''' | ||
| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn NoBB.png|frameless|76x76px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn NoBB.png|frameless|76x76px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''Genomic instability''' | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Genomic Instability|Genomic instability]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction. | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction. | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Telomeres transparent.png|frameless|88x88px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Telomeres transparent.png|frameless|88x88px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''Telomere attrition''' | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Telomere Attrition|Telomere attrition]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Reduction in the length of telomeres leading to cellular aging. | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Reduction in the length of telomeres leading to cellular aging. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Epigenome-transparent-upscale.png|frameless|85x85px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Epigenome-transparent-upscale.png|frameless|85x85px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''Epigenetic alterations''' | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Epigenetic Alterations|Epigenetic alterations]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in DNA methylation and histone modification affecting gene expression. | | style="background-color:hsla(180, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in DNA methylation and histone modification affecting gene expression. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Stress signaling.png|frameless|95x95px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Stress signaling.png|frameless|95x95px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |'''Loss of proteostasis''' | | style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Loss of Proteostasis|Loss of proteostasis]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage. | | style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Macro-micro-autophagy.gif|frameless|101x101px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Macro-micro-autophagy.gif|frameless|101x101px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |'''Disabled macroautophagy''' | | style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Disabled Macroautophagy|Disabled macroautophagy]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" | Impaired cellular maintenance through the consumption of own components. | | style="background-color:hsla(210, 100%, 85%);" | Impaired cellular maintenance through the consumption of own components. | ||
|2021{{pmid|34563704}} | |2021{{pmid|34563704}} | ||
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| rowspan="7" style="background-color:hsla(15, 100%, 85%);" |'''Cellular &<br>Organismal<br>Level''' | | rowspan="7" style="background-color:hsla(15, 100%, 85%);" |'''Cellular &<br>Organismal<br>Level''' | ||
| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Aiga restaurant knife-fork crossed.png|frameless|75x75px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Aiga restaurant knife-fork crossed.png|frameless|75x75px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |'''Deregulated nutrient sensing''' | | style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Deregulated Nutrient Sensing|Deregulated nutrient sensing]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" | Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging. | | style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" | Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Mitochondrion mini.svg|frameless|92x92px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Mitochondrion mini.svg|frameless|92x92px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |'''Mitochondrial dysfunction''' | | style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Mitochondrial Dysfunction|Mitochondrial dysfunction]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" | Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress. | | style="background-color:hsla(0, 100%, 85%);" | Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Stem cell differentiation.svg|frameless|106x106px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Stem cell differentiation.svg|frameless|106x106px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''Stem cell exhaustion''' | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Stem Cell Exhaustion|Stem cell exhaustion]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair. | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair. | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:202004 Gut microbiota.svg|frameless|75x75px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:202004 Gut microbiota.svg|frameless|75x75px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''Dysbiosis''' | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Dysbiosis (Microbiome Disturbance)|Dysbiosis]]''' | ||
'''(Microbiome disturbance)''' | '''[[Dysbiosis (Microbiome Disturbance)|(Microbiome disturbance)]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in gut microbiome affecting health and aging. | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in gut microbiome affecting health and aging. | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Histopathology of acute and chronic inflammation of the gastro-esophageal junction, annotated.jpg|frameless|75x75px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Histopathology of acute and chronic inflammation of the gastro-esophageal junction, annotated.jpg|frameless|75x75px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''Chronic inflammation''' | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging)|Chronic inflammation]]''' | ||
'''(Inflammaging)''' | '''[[Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging)|(Inflammaging)]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Systemic inflammation contributing to aging and related diseases. | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Systemic inflammation contributing to aging and related diseases. | ||
|2023{{pmid|37329949}} | |2023{{pmid|37329949}} | ||
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| style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Forms of Cell Signaling.png|frameless|75x75px]] | | style="text-align:center; background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |[[File:Forms of Cell Signaling.png|frameless|75x75px]] | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''Altered intercellular communication''' | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |'''[[Altered Intercellular Communication|Altered intercellular communication]]''' | ||
| style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in cellular communication leading to inflammation and tissue dysfunction. | | style="background-color:hsla(30, 100%, 85%);" |Changes in cellular communication leading to inflammation and tissue dysfunction. | ||
|2013 | |2013 | ||