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Skin Aging: Difference between revisions
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Skin aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells along with structural and functional alterations in extracellular matrix components such collagen, elastin and proteoglycans, which are required to afford tensile strength, elasticity, and moisture to the skin.{{pmid|29692196}}{{pmid|27569260}} This can result in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, sagging skin, and a loss of facial volume. In addition, skin aging is characterized by a decrease in the level of production of hyaluronic acid, a substance that helps to maintain skin hydration and suppleness. Other intrinsic factors that contribute to skin aging include genetic inheritance, slower cell turnover, and hormonal changes, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone decrease, which can affect the skin structure. which can lead to a loss of skin elasticity and changes in skin cell metabolism. Additionally, changes in skin microbiota, the collection of microorganisms that live on our skin, can contribute to skin aging and the development of aging-associated skin diseases.{{pmid|29692196}} | Skin aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells along with structural and functional alterations in extracellular matrix components such collagen, elastin and proteoglycans, which are required to afford tensile strength, elasticity, and moisture to the skin.{{pmid|29692196}}{{pmid|27569260}} This can result in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, sagging skin, and a loss of facial volume. In addition, skin aging is characterized by a decrease in the level of production of hyaluronic acid, a substance that helps to maintain skin hydration and suppleness. Other intrinsic factors that contribute to skin aging include genetic inheritance, slower cell turnover, and hormonal changes, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone decrease, which can affect the skin structure. which can lead to a loss of skin elasticity and changes in skin cell metabolism. Additionally, changes in skin microbiota, the collection of microorganisms that live on our skin, can contribute to skin aging and the development of aging-associated skin diseases.{{pmid|29692196}} | ||
Extrinsic factors that can contribute to skin aging include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cigarette smoke, pollution, and a poor diet. UV radiation from the sun is a major contributor to skin aging, causing damage to the skin cells and breaking down collagen and elastin fibers. This can result in the development of age spots, a rough texture, and uneven skin tone. Additionally, exposure to cigarette smoke and pollution can cause oxidative stress, leading to inflammation and damage to skin cells. A diet that is high in sugar, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can lead to inflammation, which can also accelerate the aging process.{{pmid|33541724}}{{pmid|18377617}} | Extrinsic factors that can contribute to skin aging include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cigarette smoke, pollution, and a poor diet. UV radiation from the sun is a major contributor to skin aging, causing damage to the skin cells and breaking down collagen and elastin fibers. This can result in the development of age spots, a rough texture, and uneven skin tone. Additionally, exposure to cigarette smoke and pollution can cause [[Oxidative Stress|oxidative stress]], leading to inflammation and damage to skin cells. A diet that is high in sugar, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can lead to inflammation, which can also accelerate the aging process.{{pmid|33541724}}{{pmid|18377617}} | ||
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and are vital for skin homeostasis and host defense.{{pmid|34073434}} However, they have also been associated with chronic inflammation upon aging. It has been suggested that age-modified skin macrophages may promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, facilitating the development of proinflammatory pathologies, including skin cancer.{{pmid|34073434}} | Macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and are vital for skin homeostasis and host defense.{{pmid|34073434}} However, they have also been associated with chronic inflammation upon aging. It has been suggested that age-modified skin macrophages may promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, facilitating the development of proinflammatory pathologies, including skin cancer.{{pmid|34073434}} | ||
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Various molecular models are proposed to rationalize the molecular basis of skin aging, mostly including the overall recognized aging mechanisms such as cellular senescence, telomere shortening, decrease in cellular DNA repair capacity and point mutations of extranuclear mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress, chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, and chronic inflammation (inflammaging).{{pmid|21612880}} | Various molecular models are proposed to rationalize the molecular basis of skin aging, mostly including the overall recognized aging mechanisms such as cellular senescence, telomere shortening, decrease in cellular DNA repair capacity and point mutations of extranuclear mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress, chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, and chronic inflammation (inflammaging).{{pmid|21612880}} | ||
While skin aging is a natural process that cannot be completely prevented, there are steps that can be taken to slow the process and maintain healthy skin. These include protecting the skin from UV radiation by wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen, avoiding smoking and exposure to pollution, and maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle. Additionally, skincare products that contain ingredients such as retinoids, antioxidants, and hyaluronic acid can help decrease the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture and tone, and enhance hydration. Generally, the strategies for treating skin aging include the common antiaging approaches: stem cell therapy, hormone replacement therapy, telomere modification, diet restriction, and also antioxidant, retinoid, and anti-inflammaging treatments.{{pmid|21612880}} | While skin aging is a natural process that cannot be completely prevented, there are steps that can be taken to slow the process and maintain healthy skin. These include protecting the skin from UV radiation by wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen, avoiding smoking and exposure to pollution, and maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle. Additionally, skincare products that contain ingredients such as retinoids, [[Antioxidant|antioxidants]], and hyaluronic acid can help decrease the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture and tone, and enhance hydration. Generally, the strategies for treating skin aging include the common antiaging approaches: stem cell therapy, hormone replacement therapy, telomere modification, diet restriction, and also antioxidant, retinoid, and anti-inflammaging treatments.{{pmid|21612880}} | ||
In addition to its social and health-related implications, skin aging is also an area of interest for the cosmetics and skincare industries. There is a large market for antiaging skincare products, and research into the underlying mechanisms of skin aging can help to develop new and more effective products. | In addition to its social and health-related implications, skin aging is also an area of interest for the cosmetics and skincare industries. There is a large market for antiaging skincare products, and research into the underlying mechanisms of skin aging can help to develop new and more effective products. | ||