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Resveratrol: Difference between revisions
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The early studies primarily focused on the [[Antioxidant|antioxidant]] properties of resveratrol. Researchers found that it had the ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which are key contributors to aging and age-related diseases. These initial findings sparked interest in resveratrol as a potential anti-aging compound. | The early studies primarily focused on the [[Antioxidant|antioxidant]] properties of resveratrol. Researchers found that it had the ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which are key contributors to aging and age-related diseases. These initial findings sparked interest in resveratrol as a potential anti-aging compound. | ||
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Over the years, research on resveratrol has expanded to explore its impact on a variety of biological processes related to aging. Studies have investigated its role in inflammation reduction, sirtuin activation, and its potential to mimic the effects of [[Caloric Restriction|caloric restriction]] – one of the few scientifically supported interventions known to extend lifespan in various organisms. The body of research has grown to include clinical trials aiming to understand the effects of resveratrol on human health and longevity. | Over the years, research on resveratrol has expanded to explore its impact on a variety of biological processes related to aging. Studies have investigated its role in inflammation reduction, sirtuin activation, and its potential to mimic the effects of [[Caloric Restriction|caloric restriction]] – one of the few scientifically supported interventions known to extend lifespan in various organisms. The body of research has grown to include clinical trials aiming to understand the effects of resveratrol on human health and longevity. | ||
== Natural Sources == <!--T:65--> | == Natural Sources == <!--T:65--> | ||
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Resveratrol is primarily found in the skin of grapes and in red wine, but it is also present in other fruits, vegetables, and plants. Here are some of the natural sources of resveratrol: | Resveratrol is primarily found in the skin of grapes and in red wine, but it is also present in other fruits, vegetables, and plants. Here are some of the natural sources of resveratrol: | ||
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* '''Raw Peanuts:''' Peanuts, especially the skins, contain resveratrol. | * '''Raw Peanuts:''' Peanuts, especially the skins, contain resveratrol. | ||
* '''Peanut Butter:''' A source of resveratrol, though levels are lower compared to raw peanuts. | * '''Peanut Butter:''' A source of resveratrol, though levels are lower compared to raw peanuts. | ||
== Biological Mechanisms == | |||
== Biological Mechanisms == <!--T:68--> | |||
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=== Anti-Inflammatory Effects === <!--T:13--> | === Anti-Inflammatory Effects === <!--T:13--> | ||
The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol are significant in the context of aging. Chronic inflammation is implicated in numerous age-related conditions, and resveratrol’s ability to modulate inflammatory responses could be pivotal in mitigating the impacts of such conditions. | The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol are significant in the context of aging. Chronic inflammation is implicated in numerous age-related conditions, and resveratrol’s ability to modulate inflammatory responses could be pivotal in mitigating the impacts of such conditions. | ||
=== Sirtuin Activation and Regulation === <!--T:15--> | === Sirtuin Activation and Regulation === <!--T:15--> | ||
Resveratrol is known to activate [[Sirtuins|sirtuins]], a family of proteins associated with aging and longevity. Sirtuins regulate various cellular processes, including DNA repair, metabolism, and stress resistance, and are believed to extend lifespan by promoting cellular stability and survival. | Resveratrol is known to activate [[Sirtuins|sirtuins]], a family of proteins associated with aging and longevity. Sirtuins regulate various cellular processes, including DNA repair, metabolism, and stress resistance, and are believed to extend lifespan by promoting cellular stability and survival. | ||
=== Impact on Telomeres === <!--T:17--> | === Impact on Telomeres === <!--T:17--> | ||
[[Telomeres]] are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten as cells divide. Resveratrol is suggested to influence telomere length and function, potentially delaying [[Cellular Senescence|cellular senescence]] and extending the lifespan of cells. | [[Telomeres]] are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten as cells divide. Resveratrol is suggested to influence telomere length and function, potentially delaying [[Cellular Senescence|cellular senescence]] and extending the lifespan of cells. | ||
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== Resveratrol and Aging == <!--T:22--> | == Resveratrol and Aging == <!--T:22--> | ||
Resveratrol has garnered significant attention in the scientific community for its potential role in promoting health and longevity. This section delves into the intricate relationship between resveratrol and aging, exploring its effects on lifespan and age-related diseases. {{ | Resveratrol has garnered significant attention in the scientific community for its potential role in promoting health and longevity. This section delves into the intricate relationship between resveratrol and aging, exploring its effects on lifespan and age-related diseases. {{pmid|34336123}} | ||
=== Effects on Lifespan === <!--T:23--> | === Effects on Lifespan === <!--T:23--> | ||
[[File:Resveratrol Improves Health and Survival of Mice on a High-calorie Diet.png|thumb|[[Kaplan–Meier Survival Curve|Kaplan–Meier survival curves]] of mice fed a standard diet, high-calorie diet or high-calorie diet plus resveratrol {{ | [[File:Resveratrol Improves Health and Survival of Mice on a High-calorie Diet.png|thumb|[[Kaplan–Meier Survival Curve|Kaplan–Meier survival curves]] of mice fed a standard diet, high-calorie diet or high-calorie diet plus resveratrol {{pmid|17086191}}|alt=Kaplan–Meier survival curves of mice fed a standard diet, high-calorie diet or high-calorie diet plus resveratrol.]] | ||
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In {{ | In {{pmid|17086191}} mice fed a standard diet, high-calorie diet or high-calorie diet plus resveratrol. The study found that resveratrol helps mice on a high-calorie diet have similar health benefits to mice on a regular diet. This includes better lifespan, movement, insulin response, organ health, and improved mitochondrial function. Importantly, these benefits happened without the mice losing weight. | ||
=== Impact on Age-Related Diseases === <!--T:26--> | === Impact on Age-Related Diseases === <!--T:26--> | ||
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A | A 2023 [[Randomized Controlled Trial|randomized control trial]]{{pmid|37447275}} involving 48 adults aged 55 to 65 compared the effects of resveratrol supplementation to a caloric-restricted diet. Both interventions raised circulating SIRT1 levels and reduced plasma noradrenaline, suggesting cardiovascular benefits. However, the study found differences between the groups in vascular reactions. Specifically, improvements in [[Nitrate-Mediated Vasodilation (NMD)|nitrate-mediated vasodilation (NMD)]] were seen only with caloric restriction, not with resveratrol. Additionally, SIRT1 was linked to enhanced flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in men but not in women. This suggests that while resveratrol mirrors some benefits of caloric restriction, it doesn't capture all, especially regarding vascular effects. | ||
==Forms of Resveratrol == <!--T:30--> | ==Forms of Resveratrol == <!--T:30--> | ||
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*'''Trans-resveratrol''' is the most abundant and biologically active form of resveratrol in plants. It is the form that has been most studied in scientific research and is thought to be responsible for the majority of the health benefits associated with resveratrol. | *'''Trans-resveratrol''' is the most abundant and biologically active form of resveratrol in plants. It is the form that has been most studied in scientific research and is thought to be responsible for the majority of the health benefits associated with resveratrol. | ||
*'''Cis-resveratrol''' is less abundant in nature and less biologically active than trans-resveratrol. However, it has still been shown to have some health benefits, such as [[Antioxidant|antioxidant]] and anti-inflammatory effects. | *'''Cis-resveratrol''' is less abundant in nature and less biologically active than trans-resveratrol. However, it has still been shown to have some health benefits, such as [[Antioxidant|antioxidant]] and anti-inflammatory effects. | ||
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===Trans-Resveratrol=== <!--T:37--> | ===Trans-Resveratrol=== <!--T:37--> | ||
Trans-resveratrol unfortunately suffers from '''poor bioavailability''' and '''water solubility'''. Its solubility in water is less than 0.05 mg/ml. Studies have indicated varying plasma concentrations after repeated doses of resveratrol: | Trans-resveratrol unfortunately suffers from '''poor bioavailability''' and '''water solubility'''. Its solubility in water is less than 0.05 mg/ml. Studies have indicated varying plasma concentrations after repeated doses of resveratrol: | ||
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%;" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%;" | ||
|+Reported resveratrol plasma concentration in humans after repeated doses of resveratrol (studies after 2010). {{ | |+Reported resveratrol plasma concentration in humans after repeated doses of resveratrol (studies after 2010). {{pmid|30641865}} | ||
!Number of Participants, Characteristics, Study Type | !Number of Participants, Characteristics, Study Type | ||
!Dose<br>(mg/day) | !Dose<br>(mg/day) | ||
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After consumption, 77-80% of resveratrol gets absorbed into the bloodstream through active transport via the intestinal epithelial cells. Once in the bloodstream, it associates with albumin and lipoproteins. Despite its efficient absorption, resveratrol possesses a short half-life of around 1.5 hours. This is attributed to its rapid absorption in the intestine and subsequent degradation in the liver. A significant amount of ingested resveratrol, approximately 49–61%, is eventually excreted through urine. {{ | After consumption, 77-80% of resveratrol gets absorbed into the bloodstream through active transport via the intestinal epithelial cells. Once in the bloodstream, it associates with albumin and lipoproteins. Despite its efficient absorption, resveratrol possesses a short half-life of around 1.5 hours. This is attributed to its rapid absorption in the intestine and subsequent degradation in the liver. A significant amount of ingested resveratrol, approximately 49–61%, is eventually excreted through urine. {{pmid|30816367}} | ||
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Several factors lead to differences in how individuals respond to resveratrol intake: {{ | Several factors lead to differences in how individuals respond to resveratrol intake: {{pmid|30641865}} | ||
*'''Gut Microbiota Composition:''' The unique blend of microorganisms in one's gut. | *'''Gut Microbiota Composition:''' The unique blend of microorganisms in one's gut. | ||
*'''Genetic Differences:''' Variations in genes that affect metabolism enzymes (like UGTs and SULTs) and transporters. | *'''Genetic Differences:''' Variations in genes that affect metabolism enzymes (like UGTs and SULTs) and transporters. | ||
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===Resveratrol with Piperine=== <!--T:42--> | ===Resveratrol with Piperine=== <!--T:42--> | ||
In 2021 [[Randomized Controlled Trial]], participants receive a single dose of resveratrol 2500 mg, with piperine in 0 mg, 5 mg or 25 mg dose. Despite the observation of piperine coadministration significantly increasing bioavailability ([[Cmax|C<sub>max</sub>]] and [[AUC|AUC)]] of resveratrol in [[C57BL/6 mice|C57BL]] mice, no significant increase in resveratrol or decrease in resveratrol glucuronide could be observed in healthy adults taking 2500 gm of resveratrol with piperine (5 or 25 mg) as compared to resveratrol alone. {{ | In 2021 [[Randomized Controlled Trial]], participants receive a single dose of resveratrol 2500 mg, with piperine in 0 mg, 5 mg or 25 mg dose. Despite the observation of piperine coadministration significantly increasing bioavailability ([[Cmax|C<sub>max</sub>]] and [[AUC|AUC)]] of resveratrol in [[C57BL/6 mice|C57BL]] mice, no significant increase in resveratrol or decrease in resveratrol glucuronide could be observed in healthy adults taking 2500 gm of resveratrol with piperine (5 or 25 mg) as compared to resveratrol alone. {{pmid|32868637}} | ||
===Micronized Resveratrol === <!--T:43--> | ===Micronized Resveratrol === <!--T:43--> | ||
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==Dosage and Administration== <!--T:47--> | ==Dosage and Administration== <!--T:47--> | ||
<!--T: | === Recommended Dosage=== <!--T:69--> | ||
The recommended dosage for adults is generally between 150 to 500 mg per day, although this can vary based on individual health conditions and specific product formulations. In a study {{ | The recommended dosage for adults is generally between 150 to 500 mg per day, although this can vary based on individual health conditions and specific product formulations. In a study {{pmid|20935227}}, participants received resveratrol for 29 days at doses of up to 5.0g per day. | ||
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Resveratrol should not be taken with high-fat meals. In a study {{ | Resveratrol should not be taken with high-fat meals. In a study {{pmid|20528005}}, a high-fat breakfast significantly decreased the bioavailability by 45% when compared with a standard breakfast. | ||
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Combined intake with quercetin or alcohol does not influence trans-resveratrol exposure. {{ | Combined intake with quercetin or alcohol does not influence trans-resveratrol exposure. {{pmid|20528005}} | ||
===Safety === <!--T:53--> | ===Safety === <!--T:53--> | ||
Resveratrol is generally considered safe when taken in recommended amounts, but excessive consumption can lead to side effects. In a study, it was found to be safe as no severe adverse reactions were observed based on clinical, biochemical, or hematological analyses. | Resveratrol is generally considered safe when taken in recommended amounts, but excessive consumption can lead to side effects. In a study, it was found to be safe as no severe adverse reactions were observed based on clinical, biochemical, or hematological analyses. | ||
===Side Effects=== <!--T:55--> | ===Side Effects=== <!--T:55--> | ||
Some people may experience gastrointestinal issues, headaches, or a feeling of jitteriness. In the mentioned study {{pmid|20935227}}, the majority of adverse events in the higher doses (2.5g and 5.0g) were gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. Symptoms typically began 2-4 days into the regimen and improved as the day progressed but would return after the next dose. They resolved within 2 days of completing the 29-day regimen. | |||
Some people may experience gastrointestinal issues, headaches, or a feeling of jitteriness. In the mentioned study {{ | |||
== See Also == <!--T:57--> | == See Also == <!--T:57--> | ||
* Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Resveratrol|Resveratrol]] | * Wikipedia - [[Wikipedia:Resveratrol|Resveratrol]] | ||
* [[Caloric Restriction]] | * [[Caloric Restriction]] | ||
== Further Reading == <!--T:59--> | == Further Reading == <!--T:59--> | ||
*{{pmid text|34336123}} | *{{pmid text|34336123}} | ||
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[[Category:Orally Consumable Longevity Compounds]] | [[Category:Orally Consumable Longevity Compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Xenohormetic Compounds]] | [[Category:Xenohormetic Compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Calorie Restriction Mimetic Compounds]] | |||
[[Category:Antioxidant Compounds]] | |||
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|title=Resveratrol | |title=Resveratrol - Benefits, Dosage, Safety and more | Longewiki | ||
|description=Explore the world of Resveratrol, a natural compound in red wine and grapes, acclaimed for its potential in enhancing longevity and healthspan | |description=Explore the world of Resveratrol, a natural compound in red wine and grapes, acclaimed for its potential in enhancing longevity and healthspan | ||
|keywords=resveratrol, longevity, anti-aging, healthspan, sirtuins, | |keywords=resveratrol, longevity, anti-aging, healthspan, sirtuins, bioavailability, formulations, supplements, dosage, safety | ||
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