NADase: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:44, 26 September 2023

NADase (or NAD+ase) refers to a group of enzymes playing a pivotal role in cellular longevity and aging due to its direct implication in the modulation of NAD+ levels within the cell. NAD+, or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, is a crucial coenzyme that participates in numerous metabolic and cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and the regulation of cellular aging. Elevated NADase activity can lead to decreased NAD+ levels, affecting cellular metabolism, reducing energy production, and potentially accelerating aging processes and age-related diseases.

Enzyme Reaction

NADase catalyzes the hydrolysis of NAD+, a reaction which can be represented as follows:

${\text{NAD}}^{+}+{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}\xrightarrow {\text{NADase}} {\text{Nicotinamide}}+{\text{ADP-ribose}}$

This reaction is pivotal as it regulates the levels of NAD+ available in the cell, directly impacting cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair mechanisms, and aging processes.

Known NADase Enzymes

NADase or NAD^+ase enzymes have implications in longevity due to their impact on NAD+ levels within cells. NAD+ is crucial for cellular energy metabolism and maintenance of proper cellular function. Here is some information on known NADase enzymes.

Enzyme	Description	Function	Location/Expression	Implications in Aging	Associated Diseases
CD38	CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in calcium signaling and plays a role in immune response, cellular metabolism, and NAD+ homeostasis.	Calcium signaling, cell adhesion, immune response.	Widely expressed in various tissues, including immune cells.	Involved in cellular aging processes, and its activity has been linked to a reduction in cellular NAD+ levels.	Chronic inflammatory conditions, some leukemias
CD157	CD157, also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 1, is involved in monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses and has implications in leukocyte trafficking.	Monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses.	Primarily expressed in bone marrow and myeloid cells.	Its roles in inflammation might have implications in aging-related inflammatory conditions.	Autoimmune diseases, some cancers
SARM1	SARM1 (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1) is predominantly known for its role in programmed axon degeneration and has implications in neurodegenerative conditions.	Induces axonal degeneration after injury, involved in innate immune response.	Predominantly expressed in the nervous system.	Its role in axon degeneration has implications in aging-related neurodegenerative conditions.	Neurodegenerative diseases

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 == Known NADase Enzymes ==
-NADase or NAD^+ase enzymes have implications in longevity due to their impact on [[NAD+]] levels within cells. NAD+ is crucial for cellular energy metabolism and maintenance of proper cellular function. Here is some information on known NADase enzymes:
+NADase or NAD^+ase enzymes have implications in longevity due to their impact on [[NAD+]] levels within cells. NAD+ is crucial for cellular energy metabolism and maintenance of proper cellular function. Here is some information on known NADase enzymes.
-=== CD38 ===
+{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left;"
-'''CD38''' is a multifunctional enzyme expressed in various tissues, playing a crucial role in calcium signaling, cell adhesion, and immune response. It is one of the primary NADase enzymes in mammals, including humans, and is responsible for the hydrolysis of NAD+.
+|-
+! Enzyme!! Description!!Function!!Location/Expression!!Implications in Aging!!Associated Diseases
+|-
+|'''[[CD38]]'''||CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in calcium signaling and plays a role in immune response, cellular metabolism, and NAD+ homeostasis.||Calcium signaling, cell adhesion, immune response.||Widely expressed in various tissues, including immune cells.||Involved in cellular aging processes, and its activity has been linked to a reduction in cellular NAD+ levels.||Chronic inflammatory conditions, some leukemias
+|-
+|'''[[CD157]]'''||CD157, also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 1, is involved in monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses and has implications in leukocyte trafficking.||Monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses.||Primarily expressed in bone marrow and myeloid cells.||Its roles in inflammation might have implications in aging-related inflammatory conditions.||Autoimmune diseases, some cancers
+|-
+|'''[[SARM1]]'''||SARM1 (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1) is predominantly known for its role in programmed axon degeneration and has implications in neurodegenerative conditions.||Induces axonal degeneration after injury, involved in innate immune response.||Predominantly expressed in the nervous system.||Its role in axon degeneration has implications in aging-related neurodegenerative conditions.||Neurodegenerative diseases
+|}
-:''Main article: [[CD38]]''
+== See also ==
-=== CD157 ===
+* [[Wikipedia:NAD+ glycohydrolase|Wikipedia article]]
-'''CD157''', also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 1 (BST-1), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored NADase. It shares structural similarities with CD38 and is involved in monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses.
-:''Main article: [[CD157]]''
-=== SARM1 ===
-'''SARM1''' (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1) is a recently characterized NADase. It plays a critical role in Wallerian degeneration, a process where damaged neurons degenerate. SARM1 is activated under conditions of cellular stress and can lead to rapid depletion of intracellular NAD+ levels.
-:''Main article: [[SARM1]]''
-These enzymes, by modulating NAD+ levels, indirectly influence the aging process, cellular repair mechanisms, and overall cellular health. Modulating the activity of these enzymes has become a focal point in longevity and aging research, targeting the restoration of cellular NAD+ levels to maintain cellular function and mitigate age-related decline.