Fruit Flies (Drosophila Melanogaster): Difference between revisions

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    '''''Drosophila melanogaster''''' is a species of [[fly]] (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family [[Drosophilidae]]. The species is often referred to as the '''fruit fly''' or '''lesser fruit fly''', or less commonly the "[[vinegar]] fly", "[[pomace]] fly",{{efn|"Vinegar fly" is preferred by a handful of recent publications as being a more accurate description than "fruit fly".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Drosophila {{!}} insect genus|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/Drosophila|access-date=2021-10-30|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vinegar Flies|url=https://extension.psu.edu/vinegar-flies|access-date=2021-10-30|website=Penn State Extension|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14" />}}<ref name=":14">{{pmid|12242218}}</ref> or "[[banana]] fly".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/semens-chemical-cocktail-can-hijack-a-mates-brain|title=Semen's Chemical Cocktail Can Hijack a Mate's Brain|last=Schilthuizen|first=Menno|author-link=Menno Schilthuizen|date=April 28, 2015|website=[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]]|access-date=September 11, 2023|quote=Even in the ejaculate of the lowly banana fly ''Drosophila melanogaster'', researchers have identified no fewer than 133 different kinds of proteins.}}</ref> Starting with [[Charles W. Woodworth]]'s 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a [[model organism]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204163323/https://www.nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Charles W. Woodworth: The Remarkable Life of U.C.'s First Entomologist| vauthors = Holden B |date=2015-01-01|publisher=Brian Holden Publishing|isbn=9780986410536|edition=1st |pages=135–137|language=en}}</ref> ''D. melanogaster'' continues to be widely used for biological research in [[genetics]], [[physiology]], microbial [[pathogenesis]], and [[Life history theory|life history evolution]]. As of 2017, six [[Nobel Prize]]s have been awarded to [[drosophilist]]s for their work using the insect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nobel Prizes|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/07/fruit-fly-fascination-nobel-prizes-genetics|website=The Guardian|date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FruitFly-ResearchGate|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321176879}}</ref>
    '''''Drosophila melanogaster''''' is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the '''fruit fly''' or '''lesser fruit fly'''. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a [[Model Organism|model organism]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204163323/https://www.nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Charles W. Woodworth: The Remarkable Life of U.C.'s First Entomologist| vauthors = Holden B |date=2015-01-01|publisher=Brian Holden Publishing|isbn=9780986410536|edition=1st |pages=135–137|language=en}}</ref> ''D. melanogaster'' continues to be widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nobel Prizes|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/07/fruit-fly-fascination-nobel-prizes-genetics|website=The Guardian|date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FruitFly-ResearchGate|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321176879}}</ref>


    ''D. melanogaster'' is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of [[chromosome]]s, and large number of offspring per generation.<ref name="Encyclopedia of genetics">{{cite encyclopedia | vauthors = Sang JH, Reeve EC | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of genetics | title = Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JjLWYKqehRsC&q=drosophila+eggs+day+lifetime&pg=PA157 |access-date=2009-07-01 |date=2001-06-23 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, I |location=USA |page=157 |isbn= 978-1-884964-34-3 }}</ref> It was originally an African species, with all non-African lineages having a common origin.<ref>{{pmid|15014160}}</ref> [[Cosmopolitan distribution|Its geographic range includes all continents, including islands.]]<ref name="Markow2015">{{pmid|26041333}}</ref> ''D. melanogaster'' is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other places where food is served.<ref name="ento.psu.edu">{{cite web|url=http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/vinegar-flies|title=Vinegar Flies, ''Drosophila'' species, Family: ''Drosophilidae''|publisher=Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University|date=2017|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref>
    ''D. melanogaster'' is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation.<ref name="Encyclopedia of genetics">{{cite encyclopedia | vauthors = Sang JH, Reeve EC | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of genetics | title = Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JjLWYKqehRsC&q=drosophila+eggs+day+lifetime&pg=PA157 |access-date=2009-07-01 |date=2001-06-23 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, I |location=USA |page=157 |isbn= 978-1-884964-34-3 }}</ref> It was originally an African species, with all non-African lineages having a common origin.<ref>{{pmid|15014160}}</ref> Its geographic range includes all continents, including islands.<ref name="Markow2015">{{pmid|26041333}}</ref> ''D. melanogaster'' is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other places where food is served.<ref name="ento.psu.edu">{{cite web|url=http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/vinegar-flies|title=Vinegar Flies, ''Drosophila'' species, Family: ''Drosophilidae''|publisher=Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University|date=2017|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref>


    Flies belonging to the family [[Tephritidae]] are also called "fruit flies". This can cause confusion, especially in the Mediterranean, [[Australia]], and [[South Africa]], where the Mediterranean fruit fly ''[[Ceratitis capitata]]'' is an economic pest.
    == See Also ==
     
    * [[Model Organism]]
     
    == References ==
    <references />

    Revision as of 03:33, 8 December 2023

    Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a model organism,[1][2] D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect.[3][4]

    D. melanogaster is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation.[5] It was originally an African species, with all non-African lineages having a common origin.[6] Its geographic range includes all continents, including islands.[7] D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other places where food is served.[8]

    See Also

    References

    1. ↑ T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth
    2. ↑ Holden B; "Charles W. Woodworth: The Remarkable Life of U.C.'s First Entomologist" , ISBN: 9780986410536
    3. ↑ Nobel Prizes, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/07/fruit-fly-fascination-nobel-prizes-genetics
    4. ↑ FruitFly-ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321176879
    5. ↑ Template:cite encyclopedia
    6. ↑
    7. ↑
    8. ↑ Vinegar Flies, Drosophila species, Family: Drosophilidae, http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/vinegar-flies

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