NADase

NADase or NAD+ase (also known as NAD+ glycohydrolase) refers to a group of enzymes playing a pivotal role in cellular longevity and aging due to its direct implication in the modulation of NAD+ levels within the cell. NAD+, or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, is a crucial coenzyme that participates in numerous metabolic and cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and the regulation of cellular aging. Elevated NADase activity can lead to decreased NAD+ levels, affecting cellular metabolism, reducing energy production, and potentially accelerating aging processes and age-related diseases.

Reducing NADase enzymes by corresponding inhibitors is a way to boost NAD+ levels (see NAD+ Booster).

Enzyme Reaction

NADase catalyzes the hydrolysis of NAD+, a reaction which can be represented as follows:

${\text{NAD}}^{+}+{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}\xrightarrow {\text{NADase}} {\text{Nicotinamide}}+{\text{ADP-ribose}}$

This reaction is pivotal as it regulates the levels of NAD+ available in the cell, directly impacting cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair mechanisms, and aging processes.

Known NADase Enzymes

Here is some information on known NADase enzymes.

Enzyme	Description	Function	Location/Expression	Implications in Aging	Associated Diseases
CD38	CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in calcium signaling and plays a role in immune response, cellular metabolism, and NAD+ homeostasis.	Calcium signaling, cell adhesion, immune response.	Widely expressed in various tissues, including immune cells.	Involved in cellular aging processes, and its activity has been linked to a reduction in cellular NAD+ levels.	Chronic inflammatory conditions, some leukemias
CD157 / BST1	CD157, also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 1 (BST1), is involved in monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses and has implications in leukocyte trafficking.	Monocyte and neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses.	Primarily expressed in bone marrow and myeloid cells.	Its roles in inflammation might have implications in aging-related inflammatory conditions.	Autoimmune diseases, some cancers
SARM1	SARM1 (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1) is predominantly known for its role in programmed axon degeneration and has implications in neurodegenerative conditions.	Induces axonal degeneration after injury, involved in innate immune response.	Predominantly expressed in the nervous system.	Its role in axon degeneration has implications in aging-related neurodegenerative conditions.	Neurodegenerative diseases
PARP1	PARP1 (Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1) is involved in DNA repair and cell death. It uses NAD+ to add ADP-ribose units to proteins.	DNA repair, modification of nuclear proteins, cell death.	Expressed in the nucleus of cells, widespread in various tissues.	Altered PARP1 activity can influence aging processes, particularly in DNA repair mechanisms.	Cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases
PARP2	PARP2, similar to PARP1, participates in DNA repair and can modify proteins through ADP-ribosylation. It also plays a role in maintaining genomic stability.	DNA repair, genomic stability, ADP-ribosylation of proteins.	Found in the nucleus, expressed in various cell types.	Influences aging-related processes, especially in DNA maintenance and repair.	Cancer, certain genetic disorders
Sirtuins	Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, are involved in various cellular processes like aging, gene expression regulation, and stress resistance. Some also have ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.	Regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, metabolism, stress resistance.	Widely expressed in various tissues; different sirtuins have specific distributions.	Play a critical role in aging and longevity, influencing various age-related cellular processes.	Aging-related diseases, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases

See also

• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
• NAD+ Boosters
• Sirtuins
• Wikipedia - NAD+ glycohydrolase