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| == Transcript == | | == Transcript == |
| [Music]
| | === Intro === |
| | | {| style="padding-top: 1em;" |
| David welcome
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| | | | [Music] |
| thanks for having me on it is an honor
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:05 |
| to have you here I'm a big fan of your
| | | David welcome thanks for having me on it is an honor to have you here I'm a big fan of your |
| | | |- |
| work and congrats on the new book
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:10 |
| | | | work and congrats on the new book lifespan so what you say in the book is so |
| lifespan
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:17 |
| so what you say in the book is so
| | | there's so many interesting things I'm going to start the highest level where you say aging is a disease |
| | | |- |
| there's so many interesting things I'm
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:23 |
| | | | let's talk about that well so aging is a disease is a shock to most people because we thought we knew |
| going to start the highest level where
| | |} |
| | | === Aging is a disease === |
| you say aging is a disease
| | {| style="padding-top: 1em;" |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:30 |
| let's talk about that
| | | what aging was but what I'm saying is that we should look at aging as we do a disease |
| | | |- |
| well so aging is a disease is a shock to
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:37 |
| | | | definition of of a disease is that over time you lose function |
| most people because we thought we knew
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:42 |
| what aging was
| | | you become disabled and eventually if it's a bad disease you die from it that sounds a |
| | | |- |
| but what I'm saying is that we should
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:49 |
| | | | lot like aging right and if you go to the medical dictionary the only difference between aging and a disease |
| look at aging as we do a disease
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 0:54 |
| definition of of a disease is that over
| | | is that a disease affects less than half the population so if aging affected 51 |
| | | |- |
| time you lose function
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:01 |
| | | | we as we do we separate it from disease if it was affecting 49 percent |
| you become
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:07 |
| disabled and eventually if it's a bad
| | | we'd be studying this and putting billions and billions of dollars into trying trying to solve it and that 50 |
| | | |- |
| disease you die from it that sounds a
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:12 |
| | | | cut off is completely arbitrary the problem with having aging separate from disease and remember it's just a |
| lot like aging right and if you go to
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:19 |
| the medical dictionary the only
| | | word definition it's not a biological difference they're actually totally intertwined aging is the major cause of |
| | | |- |
| difference between aging and a disease
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:25 |
| | | | all major diseases on the planet but we put into a separate category partly because of History because we |
| is that a disease affects less than half
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:32 |
| the population
| | | didn't understand it it seemed natural whereas cancer was unnatural but it's |
| | | |- |
| so if aging affected 51
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:38 |
| | | | all natural and we've always fought against diseases like cancer and heart disease we didn't know how to until |
| we as we do we separate it from disease
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:43 |
| if it was affecting 49 percent
| | | recently same with aging but we're at a point now like we were with cancer 30 40 |
| | | |- |
| we'd be studying this and putting
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:50 |
| | | | years ago we Now understand we think what drives the process and we're having some really great success in the lab and |
| billions and billions of dollars into
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 1:56 |
| trying trying to solve it and that 50
| | | in some clinical trials with people of being able to at least slow down and some evidence that even reversing aging |
| | | |- |
| cut off is completely arbitrary
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:03 |
| | | | is possible and when you can do that then I think we should start taking aging as a disease very seriously so in |
| the problem with having aging separate
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:09 |
| from disease and remember it's just a
| | | your opinion we're at that point where we can slow aging and it is reversible |
| | | |- |
| word definition it's not a biological
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:15 |
| | | | in mice it's pretty easy it was it was shockingly easy but we're not mice so we have a bit of work to do but there are a |
| difference they're actually totally
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:22 |
| intertwined aging is the major cause of
| | | number of studies that already published that you can reverse aspect of Aging in |
| | | |- |
| all major diseases on the planet
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:28 |
| | | | people boost their immune system improve endurance improve metabolism |
| but we put into a separate category
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:33 |
| partly because of History because we
| | | in fact there's a drug on the market called metformin which we may delve into yes uh which is our our best guess is |
| | | |- |
| didn't understand it it seemed natural
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:42 |
| | | | it's a longevity molecule it actually slows down aging because diabetics you take this molecule |
| whereas cancer was unnatural but it's
| | |- |
| | | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:47 |
| all natural and we've always fought
| | | are relatively resistant to heart disease and cancer and Alzheimer's and Frailty even though they have diabetes |
| | | |- |
| against diseases like cancer and heart
| | | style="min-width:4em; color: grey; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;" | 2:52 |
| | | | and we |
| disease we didn't know how to until
| |
| | |
| recently same with aging but we're at a
| |
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| point now like we were with cancer 30 40
| |
| | |
| years ago we Now understand we think
| |
| | |
| what drives the process and we're having
| |
| | |
| some really great success in the lab and
| |
| | |
| in some clinical trials with people of
| |
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| being able to at least slow down and
| |
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| some evidence that even reversing aging
| |
| | |
| is possible and when you can do that
| |
| | |
| then I think we should start taking
| |
| | |
| aging as a disease very seriously so in
| |
| | |
| your opinion we're at that point where
| |
| | |
| we can slow aging and it is reversible
| |
| | |
| in mice it's pretty easy it was it was
| |
| | |
| shockingly easy but we're not mice so we
| |
| | |
| have a bit of work to do but there are a
| |
| | |
| number of studies that already published
| |
| | |
| that you can reverse aspect of Aging in
| |
| | |
| people boost their immune system improve
| |
| | |
| endurance improve metabolism
| |
| | |
| in fact there's a drug on the market
| |
| | |
| called metformin which we may delve into
| |
| | |
| yes uh which is our our best guess is
| |
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| it's a longevity molecule it actually
| |
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| slows down aging because diabetics you
| |
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| take this molecule
| |
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| are relatively resistant to heart
| |
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| disease and cancer and Alzheimer's and
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| Frailty even though they have diabetes
| |
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| and we think that if healthy people or
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| pre-diabetics take this drug they'll
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| also be protected
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| um but yeah it's here right now that's
| |
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| what I'm trying to say in my book and
| |
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| that there are things we can do with our
| |
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| lives today and there are things that
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| are coming down the pike just a few
| |
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| years from now so let's stay on
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| Metformin for a minute I think it's so
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| interesting because essentially it's
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| refined our real medicine it's French
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| lilac but it's a drug
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| and so let's just talk about what it is
| |
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| and you mentioned diabetes that's where
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| it originated from but there was a
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| recent study where it was a combination
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| of Metformin DHEA and growth hormone
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| that took it was a small study I think
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| it was like nine or ten people but took
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| two and a half years off of the
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| biological clock
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| so let's just yeah talk about that for a
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| second
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| right well until recently we didn't
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| really know how to measure aging
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| telomeres are a bit wishy-washy they
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| move around it's not super accurate
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| these are the ends of chromosomes that
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| shorten
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| um there are blood biomarkers which a
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| company that I work with called inside
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| tracker measures so I've been estimating
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| my biological age using five different
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| measures in blood but recently we've
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| developed What's called the epigenetic
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| clock and Stephen Horvath a colleague of
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| mine
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| gives his name to it so why is that
| |
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| important now we can take a DNA sample
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| from any part of your body typically
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| it's blood because that's easy to get
| |
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| and I can I could tell you how old you
| |
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| are exactly within a few percent
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| biologically I don't have to see you I
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| don't need to measure you I don't need
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| to see birthday candles and then I can
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| predict accurately when you're going to
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| die as well wow so where can I do this
| |
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| test if you show up at your lab it's
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| right on the cusp of being commercially
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| available
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| I'm working on something with Steve
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| there are a couple of others
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| it's almost ready for prime time so this
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| time next year you should be able to
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| fairly cheaply figure out when you're
| |
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| going to die have you figured out your
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| bio I'm sure what's your biological age
| |
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| well I haven't done this test yet okay
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| um I want to I've Been Working on mice
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| and
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| getting that to work also and we're
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| working really hard to bring the test
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| down from 300 bucks down to three three
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| bucks so that that'll really change
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| things but yeah your your point is what
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| HMI well the best estimate came from
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| that inside tracker company and uh it's
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| an independent thing even though I'm a
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| small time investor they didn't know it
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| was my blood right so but they
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| I was actually at 58. aged 58
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| biologically when I was 48 which freaked
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| me out I didn't want to be 10 years
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| older I wasn't exercising I wasn't
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| eating the right things I wasn't taking
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| nmn which I do now we'll talk about that
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| later
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| um and I wasn't on Metformin so I added
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| a few things step wise and had a look at
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| what happened to my body
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| and pretty quickly it was in less than
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| six months as I added things and got
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| better and better
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| uh looking at my blood biochemistry the
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| algorithm independently determined that
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| I went down to 31.4 wow now people look
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| at me and say David
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| that's not science and it's true that's
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| not a clinical trial uh but if nothing
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| else I improved a lot of the parameters
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| that go up with age and I brought them
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| back down
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| and that that's if nothing more it makes
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| me feel good about myself and it was
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| motivational and what I've learned from
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| that experience is that the more you can
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| know about your body like a dashboard
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| the better you can respond
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| um if you go for a run or if you change
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| your life if you eat a certain new diet
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| you exercise too much or too little how
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| do you know it's working you have to
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| measure things to really be able to a
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| know if it's working and B just be
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| cognizant of of what you're putting in
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| your mouth and what you're doing with
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| your body so you think we're a year away
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| from this okay so the clock yeah getting
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| back to the clock yeah it's
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| it's really interesting you take the DNA
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| out and you just treat it with a
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| chemical and run it through a sequencing
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| machine and determine the DNA code and
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| what we're measuring is not just the
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| code but there are chemicals that bind
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| to the letter c you know how DNA is actg
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| on the C's we get what's called a methyl
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| chemical that's
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| six there binds to it and doesn't come
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| off and they accumulate essentially in
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| different places as we get older and we
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| can read that sequence and that pattern
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| is very predictable between people in
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| fact the same pattern can predict the
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| age of a dog as well so that there's
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| this common what we call epigenetic
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| basis for the Aging clock between all
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| mammals and seemingly all the way back
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| to jellyfish
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| so
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| I want to talk about the what we can do
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| in terms of Lifestyle because metformin
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| it's a drug we're talking about we're
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| going to talk about NAD and nmn and R
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| and all the other things we can kind of
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| do there
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| but for for many listening they're going
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| to say okay I have this information
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| maybe a year from now or today or I want
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| to do there are things I can do in terms
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| of Lifestyle yeah in your opinion as
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| always our friend Rich Roll says you uh
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| you know hell begins on the plate for a
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| lot of people so if we start with
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| nutrition in your opinion what's the
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| optimal diet for longevity
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| yeah well so the the good news is that
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| that clock will tell us if we're doing
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| the right thing
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| and we didn't know that until now so
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| what are the things to do uh well the
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| first thing that I started to do based
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| on all the evidence was to eat less
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| often
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| and I have propensity to diabetes and
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| obesity in my family and in my genome so
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| I have to be extra careful if I didn't
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| watch what I ate I would be probably
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| over 200 200 something pounds you were
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| far from it uh yeah what am I a
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| 135 or something
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| um but I have to work at it and so that
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| means I cannot eat and I shouldn't eat
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| three meals a day
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| um I try to eat one meal a day if I can
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| sometimes it's a bit hard with all of
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| the work and brain activity that's going
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| on
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| but yeah that's one thing is the three
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| meals a day with snacks in between never
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| get hungry
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| I think that's the worst for people it's
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| it's I know it's against what your
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| mother said uh probably
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| um and the old idea was that you don't
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| want to stress out your system you don't
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| want to have big spikes in ups and downs
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| in glucose because that'll stress out
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| your pancreas and that'll lead to
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| diabetes
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| but what we've learned is that yeah
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| overeating is bad but under eating is
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| not so bad as long as you're not
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| malnourished you know we're not talking
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| about malnutrition here we don't want
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| particularly young uh kids thinking that
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| they should be too little but we're
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| talking about adults here who are
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| clearly given too much food in their
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| lives and have access to too much food
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| um which leads not just to obesity but
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| even those who are healthy always being
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| satisfied and never feeling hungry it
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| puts the body into a state of
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| complacency we've worked in my lab on a
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| set of genes called the sirtuins for the
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| last 30 years we found them first in
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| baker's yeast and they're in our bodies
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| these are very ancient genes that evolve
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| to to survive when times were tough
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| and we think that's why diet or healthy
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| diets and being hungry and even exercise
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| give us health benefits that's why we
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| live longer if we exercise it's not
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| because blood flows around the body it's
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| because you're turning on these ancient
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| defenses to survive and if we're sitting
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| around and we're eating as as much food
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| as we want
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| and we're always in a thermo neutral
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| zones we're always just perfectly air
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| conditioned and heated throughout the
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| year our bodies just say hey great no
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| need to fight disease I'm good
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| and so fasting I'm going to stay there
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| for a minute a lot of people have
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| different definitions of fasting whether
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| it's
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| over a night or 16 8 or 18 6 or and then
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| people will debate well what what is
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| autophagy kick in and the power of
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| autophagus so let's talk in your opinion
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| what what is the
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| optimal way too fast for longevity right
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| well let's get one thing clear because
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| there's a lot of debate about this
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| uh we don't know what's best for
| |
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| the average human because there is no
| |
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| average human
| |
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| and that's why I say when when you come
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| to me and ask me for advice I'll say
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| well I know what works for me because
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| I've been doing this for 15 years very
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| fair point all right but let I'm not
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| judging the question I think that that
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| what I do is good for me in part because
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| it fits my lifestyle but if I could just
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| do whatever I wanted to I would try to
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| skip food for three days in a row
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| at least once a month
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| um our friend Peter otia does does that
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| he goes for even a week once a quarter
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| now I can't do that I just find it
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| really tough but I think it's good
| |
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| because after three days we know that a
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| different type of autophagy kicks in to
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| scrape the barrel and recycle proteins
| |
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| and it's called chaperone mediated
| |
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| autophagyin do you say that again it was
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| a mouthful so chaperone okay we've got
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| | |
| that uh mediated autophagy
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| | |
| okay and it's really what it means is
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| there are proteins called chaperones
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| that hold on to proteins and guide them
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| where to go and in this case they push
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| them into the garbage can to be recycled
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| and that takes a lot of hunger
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| uh I would say starvation but a lot of
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| uh yeah three days is no joke pretty
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| | |
| close to starvation right
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| and so your body will say okay now it's
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| time I've run out of all my fat or uh
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| run out of my certainly my liver stores
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| I'm gonna start chewing up the protein
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| to make energy and that's what's going
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| on and that's
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