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Isoleucine: Difference between revisions
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==Dietary Sources== | ==Dietary Sources== | ||
Isoleucine is a peptide-bound component of both animal and plant | Isoleucine is a peptide-bound component of both animal and plant proteins. The following examples refer to 100 g of the food item, with the percentage of isoleucine in the total protein also given.<ref>[http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl Nutrient Database] of the [[United States Department of Agriculture|US Department of Agriculture]], 21st Edition.</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" | ||
! class="unsortable" |Food!!Protein!!Isoleucine!!Percentage | ! class="unsortable" |Food!!Protein!!Isoleucine!!Percentage | ||
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|1014 mg | |1014 mg | ||
|4.1 % | |4.1 % | ||
|}All these foods contain almost exclusively chemically bound <small>L</small>-Isoleucine as a protein component, but in their raw state, they contain no free <small>L</small>-Isoleucine. | |}All these foods contain almost exclusively chemically bound <small>L</small>-Isoleucine as a protein component, but in their raw state, they contain no free <small>L</small>-Isoleucine. | ||
== Insulin Resistance == | == Insulin Resistance == | ||
Isoleucine, like other branched-chain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance: higher levels of isoleucine are observed in the blood of diabetic mice, rats, and humans.{{pmid|25287287}} In diet-induced obese and insulin resistant mice, a diet with decreased levels of isoleucine (with or without the other branched-chain amino acids) results in reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity.{{pmid|29266268}}{{pmid|33887198}} Reduced dietary levels of isoleucine are required for the beneficial metabolic effects of a [[wikipedia:Low-protein_diet|low protein diet]].{{pmid|33887198}} In humans, a protein restricted diet lowers blood levels of isoleucine and decreases fasting blood glucose levels.{{pmid|27346343}} Mice fed a low isoleucine diet are leaner, live longer, and are less frail.{{pmid|37939658}} In humans, higher dietary levels of isoleucine are associated with greater [[wikipedia:Body_mass_index|body mass index]].{{pmid|33887198}} | Isoleucine, like other branched-chain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance: higher levels of isoleucine are observed in the blood of diabetic mice, rats, and humans.{{pmid|25287287}} In diet-induced obese and insulin resistant mice, a diet with decreased levels of isoleucine (with or without the other branched-chain amino acids) results in reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity.{{pmid|29266268}}{{pmid|33887198}} Reduced dietary levels of isoleucine are required for the beneficial metabolic effects of a [[wikipedia:Low-protein_diet|low protein diet]].{{pmid|33887198}} In humans, a protein restricted diet lowers blood levels of isoleucine and decreases fasting blood glucose levels.{{pmid|27346343}} Mice fed a low isoleucine diet are leaner, live longer, and are less frail.{{pmid|37939658}} In humans, higher dietary levels of isoleucine are associated with greater [[wikipedia:Body_mass_index|body mass index]].{{pmid|33887198}} | ||