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Pathway: Difference between revisions
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Understanding signaling pathways is critical for biomedical research because of their role in controlling cellular behavior. Abnormalities in signaling pathways are often linked to diseases, making them important targets for therapeutic intervention. | Understanding signaling pathways is critical for biomedical research because of their role in controlling cellular behavior. Abnormalities in signaling pathways are often linked to diseases, making them important targets for therapeutic intervention. | ||
== Longevity-Relevant Biological Pathways == | |||
Several biological pathways have been identified as critical in influencing longevity and aging. These pathways are involved in various cellular processes, including metabolism, stress response, and DNA repair. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Pathway | |||
!Description | |||
! Significance in Longevity | |||
!Notable Examples | |||
|- | |||
|Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS) | |||
|A pathway involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism in response to insulin and IGF-1. | |||
|Mutations and alterations in this pathway are linked to increased lifespan in various model organisms. | |||
|''C. elegans'' daf-2 mutation | |||
|- | |||
|mTOR Signaling | |||
|Involves the mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. | |||
|Inhibition of mTOR signaling has been shown to extend lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, and mice. | |||
| Rapamycin | |||
|- | |||
|Sirtuin Pathways | |||
|Involves a family of proteins that regulate cellular health and are implicated in aging processes. | |||
|Sirtuins are associated with increased lifespan and improved health in response to caloric restriction. | |||
|SIRT1 activation | |||
|- | |||
|AMPK Pathway | |||
|Central energy sensor, important for maintaining energy homeostasis. | |||
|Activation of AMPK has been linked to extended lifespan and improved metabolic health. | |||
| Metformin | |||
|- | |||
|NRF2 Pathway | |||
|Regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage. | |||
|Activation of NRF2 has been linked to increased lifespan and resistance to age-related diseases. | |||
|Sulforaphane | |||
|- | |||
| Autophagy Pathways | |||
| Responsible for the degradation and recycling of cellular components. | |||
|Enhanced autophagy is associated with longevity and protection against neurodegenerative diseases. | |||
|Caloric restriction | |||
|} | |||
==Regulation of Pathways== | ==Regulation of Pathways== | ||
Pathways are tightly regulated by the cell to ensure that they function correctly and adaptively. This regulation can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as feedback inhibition, allosteric regulation, or post-translational modification of proteins. | Pathways are tightly regulated by the cell to ensure that they function correctly and adaptively. This regulation can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as feedback inhibition, allosteric regulation, or post-translational modification of proteins. | ||