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Creatine: Difference between revisions
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=== Creatine Deficiency Syndrome === | === Creatine Deficiency Syndrome === | ||
Robust evidence highlights the significance of creatine on cognitive function, particularly observed in individuals with creatine deficient syndromes known to deplete brain creatine stores. Creatine deficiency syndrome is marked by mental and developmental disorders, including learning delays and seizures. Notably, these symptoms are, to some extent, reversed by creatine supplementation. Human studies have yielded mixed results. While some studies have discovered benefits on cognitive functioning, others found no such effects, as comprehensively reviewed by Roschel and colleagues in 2022. {{#pmid:35267907|pmid35267907}} | Robust evidence highlights the significance of creatine on cognitive function, particularly observed in individuals with creatine deficient syndromes known to deplete brain creatine stores. Creatine deficiency syndrome is marked by mental and developmental disorders, including learning delays and seizures. Notably, these symptoms are, to some extent, reversed by creatine supplementation. Human studies have yielded mixed results. While some studies have discovered benefits on cognitive functioning, others found no such effects, as comprehensively reviewed by Roschel and colleagues in 2022. {{#pmid:35267907|pmid35267907}} | ||
=== Antidepressive Effects === | |||
There have been suggestions since the early 1980s that creatine metabolism or availability might have antidepressive effects, based on numerous studies. Further investigations have assessed how creatine or its precursors like [[S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe)|S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)]] and [[Guanidinoacetate (GAA)|guanidinoacetate (GAA)]], influence brain phosphagen levels, depression markers, or the effectiveness of antidepressant medications. For instance, SAMe has been found to be a viable treatment for clinical depression. In one study, SAMe supplementation led to increased brain creatine and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels, with a more pronounced effect in women compared to men. | |||
Animal studies have also shown potential antidepressive effects of creatine. In one study, female rats displayed an antidepressant-like response when fed creatine diets, and in another, a single treatment of creatine or exercise showed partial antidepressant effects in mice under chronic mild stress, with combined creatine and exercise yielding greater benefits. Creatine administration also abolished corticosterone-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice in a separate study. | |||
In human trials, some support has been found for creatine's effect on depression. For instance, a study found a significant negative relationship between dietary creatine intake and depression among adults in the U.S. Another study reported improved outcomes in a small sample of patients with unipolar depression following creatine monohydrate supplementation. Moreover, creatine supplementation was found to enhance remission rates in bipolar patients in a couple of studies, with one noting improved verbal fluency tests and the other highlighting enhanced remission MADRS scores in participants who completed the study. | |||
Although more research is needed, there is some evidence suggesting that creatine may help manage some types of depression and/or anxiety disorders, particularly when combined with choline1920. This indicates that creatine supplementation might be a supportive measure for mental health. | |||
==Safety and Dosage== | ==Safety and Dosage== | ||