Creatine: Difference between revisions

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 ===Safety ===
-Since creatine monohydrate became a popular dietary supplement in the early 1990s, over 1,000 studies have been conducted and billions of servings of creatine have been ingested. The only consistently reported side effect from creatine supplementation that has been described in the literature has been weight gain. Available short and long-term studies in healthy and diseased populations, from infants to the elderly, at dosages ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 g/kg/day for up to 5 years have consistently shown that creatine supplementation poses no adverse health risks and may provide a number of health and performance benefits. 28615996
+Since creatine monohydrate became a popular dietary supplement in the early 1990s, over 1,000 studies have been conducted and billions of servings of creatine have been ingested. The only consistently reported side effect from creatine supplementation that has been described in the literature has been weight gain. Available short and long-term studies in healthy and diseased populations, from infants to the elderly, at dosages ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 g/kg/day for up to 5 years have consistently shown that creatine supplementation poses no adverse health risks and may provide a number of health and performance benefits. {{#pmid:28615996|pmid28615996}}
-A double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted in 2020 evaluated creatine monohydrate supplementation's effect on various health indicators in resistance training practitioners. The participants were supplemented with 0.3 g/kg (24g for 80kg) per day creatine monohydrate for 7 days. The study found that creatine monohydrate supplementation promoted an increase in performance and body weight, without causing any adverse events. No modifications were observed in a panel of blood and urine health indicators including red and white blood cell parameters, blood lipid profile, metabolic and urine markers, hepatic and renal function, indicating the safety of creatine monohydrate supplementation for health{{#pmid:32597619|pmid32597619}}.
+Moreover, an evidence-based scientific evaluation has confirmed in 2021 that, when ingested at recommended dosages, creatine supplementation does not result in kidney damage and/or renal dysfunction in healthy individuals, does not cause dehydration or muscle cramping, and appears to be generally safe and potentially beneficial for children and adolescents{{#pmid:33557850|pmid33557850}}. The followig misconceptions associated with creatine supplementation were adressed:
-Moreover, an evidence-based scientific evaluation has confirmed in 2021 that, when ingested at recommended dosages, creatine supplementation does not result in kidney damage and/or renal dysfunction in healthy individuals, does not cause dehydration or muscle cramping, and appears to be generally safe and potentially beneficial for children and adolescents{{#pmid:33557850|pmid33557850}}.
-===Misconceptions===
-Based on a scientific evaluation in 2021 {{#pmid:33557850|pmid33557850}}, it's important to address certain misconceptions associated with creatine supplementation:
 *Creatine supplementation does not always lead to water retention.
 *Creatine is not an anabolic steroid.
-* The majority of available evidence does not support a link between creatine supplementation and hair loss/baldness.
+*The majority of available evidence does not support a link between creatine supplementation and hair loss/baldness.
 *Creatine supplementation does not cause dehydration or muscle cramping.
 *Creatine supplementation does not increase fat mass.