2,851
edits
Bioavailability: Difference between revisions
→Factors Affecting Bioavailability
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
!Description | !Description | ||
!Influencing Factors | !Influencing Factors | ||
!Example | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''F<sub>C</sub>''' | |'''F<sub>C</sub>''' | ||
| Line 50: | Line 51: | ||
|The fraction of a micronutrient or drug that becomes available from its food matrix or dosage form in the GIT. | |The fraction of a micronutrient or drug that becomes available from its food matrix or dosage form in the GIT. | ||
|Physical and chemical form of the substance, processing methods, interactions with other components. | |Physical and chemical form of the substance, processing methods, interactions with other components. | ||
|Disintegration of a vitamin tablet in the stomach, releasing its active ingredients. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''F<sub>B</sub>''' | |'''F<sub>B</sub>''' | ||
|'''Bioaccessibility''' | |'''Bioaccessibility''' | ||
| The portion of the substance that is released from the food product or dosage form and dissolves in the GIT liquids. | |The portion of the substance that is released from the food product or dosage form and dissolves in the GIT liquids. | ||
|GIT pH and enzyme activity, solubility and stability of the nutrient or drug. | |GIT pH and enzyme activity, solubility and stability of the nutrient or drug. | ||
|Dissolution of an omega-3 fatty acid capsule in the intestinal fluid. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''F<sub>A</sub>''' | |'''F<sub>A</sub>''' | ||
| Line 60: | Line 63: | ||
|The fraction of the substance that passes through the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation. | |The fraction of the substance that passes through the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation. | ||
|Gastrointestinal mucosa integrity, presence of transporters and enzymes, physicochemical properties of the substance. | |Gastrointestinal mucosa integrity, presence of transporters and enzymes, physicochemical properties of the substance. | ||
|Absorption of calcium in the small intestine facilitated by vitamin D. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''F<sub>M</sub>''' | |'''F<sub>M</sub>''' | ||
| Line 65: | Line 69: | ||
|The fraction of the substance that remains in a bioactive form after metabolic transformations. | |The fraction of the substance that remains in a bioactive form after metabolic transformations. | ||
|Enzymatic activity within the GIT, liver metabolism, systemic circulation, metabolic stability, and enzymatic degradation susceptibility. | |Enzymatic activity within the GIT, liver metabolism, systemic circulation, metabolic stability, and enzymatic degradation susceptibility. | ||
|Conversion of curcumin into its active metabolites in the liver. | |||
|} | |} | ||
Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT. | Each of these stages is crucial in determining the overall bioavailability of a substance, and they are influenced by the chemical breakdown of bioactive elements during processing, manufacture, storage, and transport, as well as interactions within the GIT. | ||
==Improving Bioavailability== | ==Improving Bioavailability== | ||
Research and development in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sciences focus on enhancing bioavailability through various means, including advanced delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combinational approaches. | Research and development in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sciences focus on enhancing bioavailability through various means, including advanced delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combinational approaches. | ||