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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): Difference between revisions
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) (view source)
Revision as of 03:54, 16 November 2023
, 16 November 2023→Safety and Dosage
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When considering NMN supplementation, it is crucial to understand the potential interactions and impacts of NMN. Here are some considerations based on current knowledge and research. | When considering NMN supplementation, it is crucial to understand the potential interactions and impacts of NMN. Here are some considerations based on current knowledge and research. | ||
=== Dosage=== | |||
===Dosage === | |||
Human studies have indicated that a dosage of 1000 mg over 10 days can raise NAD levels about two-fold, and dosages as high as 2000 mg can triple the amount. However, the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage of NMN are still under investigation, and more comprehensive studies are needed to establish concrete guidelines for NMN supplementation. {{Citation needed}} | Human studies have indicated that a dosage of 1000 mg over 10 days can raise NAD levels about two-fold, and dosages as high as 2000 mg can triple the amount. However, the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage of NMN are still under investigation, and more comprehensive studies are needed to establish concrete guidelines for NMN supplementation. {{Citation needed}} | ||
[[Dr. David Sinclair's Supplement Protocol|David Sinclair]] takes 1000 mg/day NMN in the morning. | [[Dr. David Sinclair's Supplement Protocol|David Sinclair]] takes 1000 mg/day NMN in the morning. | ||
===Safety=== | |||
When it comes to NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) supplementation, safety is a primary concern, especially given the relatively early stage of human studies in this area. The current body of research, mostly comprising animal studies and limited human trials, suggests that NMN is generally well-tolerated at various dosages. However, there are several important safety considerations to keep in mind: | |||
# '''Human Study Limitations''': Most research on NMN has been conducted in animal models, primarily mice. While these studies are promising, human biology can respond differently, and the long-term effects of NMN in humans are still not fully understood. | |||
# '''Dosage and Tolerance''': The tolerability of NMN appears to be dose-dependent. Human studies have tested a range of doses, with some trials using up to 1,250 mg per day or 2,000 mg per day of the specialized NMN formulation MIB-626. These studies have generally reported good tolerability, but individual responses can vary. | |||
# '''Side Effects and Adverse Reactions''': Reported side effects of NMN supplementation are relatively few but can include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and headaches. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions, especially when starting supplementation or changing dosages. | |||
# '''Interactions with Medications''': The potential interactions between NMN and various medications are not yet fully understood. Individuals taking prescription medications, particularly those for chronic conditions, should consult with a healthcare provider before starting NMN supplementation. | |||
# '''Long-term Safety''': The long-term safety of NMN supplementation is an area that requires further research. While short-term studies have shown promising results, the effects of prolonged NMN use over years or decades are not yet known. | |||
# '''Purity and Quality of Supplements''': The market for NMN supplements varies widely in terms of product purity and quality. It is crucial to source NMN from reputable suppliers who provide third-party testing and quality assurance to ensure the product is free from contaminants and accurately labeled in terms of dosage. | |||
# '''Population-Specific Effects''': Different populations, such as the elderly, those with chronic illnesses, or those with specific genetic backgrounds, may respond differently to NMN supplementation. Tailored studies are needed to understand these variable responses better. | |||
In summary, while NMN supplementation is an exciting area of research with potential health benefits, especially related to aging and metabolic health, it is essential to approach it with caution. Ongoing research and clinical trials will continue to inform safer usage guidelines and help identify the full spectrum of NMN's effects in humans. | |||
===Types of NMN Administration=== | ===Types of NMN Administration=== | ||
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Additionally, it's noteworthy that two MIB-626 trials utilized a twice per day administration regimen. This dosing schedule is significant because it could potentially offer more consistent NAD+ level support throughout the day, although the specific implications of this frequency in relation to circadian rhythms and overall efficacy remain an area for further research.{{pmid|35182418}}{{pmid|36740954}} | Additionally, it's noteworthy that two MIB-626 trials utilized a twice per day administration regimen. This dosing schedule is significant because it could potentially offer more consistent NAD+ level support throughout the day, although the specific implications of this frequency in relation to circadian rhythms and overall efficacy remain an area for further research.{{pmid|35182418}}{{pmid|36740954}} | ||
=== Combining NMN with Methyl Donors === | ===Combining NMN with Methyl Donors=== | ||
There is a theoretical concern that consuming NMN could deplete [[Methyl Donors|methyl groups]] in the body. NMN is converted to NAD+ in the body, which can then be broken down into nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is then methylated by the liver to form N1-methylnicotinamide, which is excreted in the urine. This methylation process consumes a methyl group from [[S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)]], the primary methyl donor in the body. | There is a theoretical concern that consuming NMN could deplete [[Methyl Donors|methyl groups]] in the body. NMN is converted to NAD+ in the body, which can then be broken down into nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is then methylated by the liver to form N1-methylnicotinamide, which is excreted in the urine. This methylation process consumes a methyl group from [[S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)]], the primary methyl donor in the body. | ||
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*'''Over-Supplementation Risks''': Excessive supplementation of NMN may lead to unknown side effects due to the lack of long-term human studies. Over-supplementation might also disrupt the natural balance of NAD+ and its related compounds in the body, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences. | *'''Over-Supplementation Risks''': Excessive supplementation of NMN may lead to unknown side effects due to the lack of long-term human studies. Over-supplementation might also disrupt the natural balance of NAD+ and its related compounds in the body, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences. | ||
*'''Purity and Quality Concerns''': The purity and quality of NMN supplements can vary, and impurities or contaminants in the supplements pose additional risks. It is essential to choose high-quality, reputable brands and sources for NMN supplements to minimize risks associated with impurities and contaminants. | *'''Purity and Quality Concerns''': The purity and quality of NMN supplements can vary, and impurities or contaminants in the supplements pose additional risks. It is essential to choose high-quality, reputable brands and sources for NMN supplements to minimize risks associated with impurities and contaminants. | ||
==Clinical Trials== | ==Clinical Trials== | ||
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*singe admission of up to 500 mg | *singe admission of up to 500 mg | ||
*oral admission at 9 AM | * oral admission at 9 AM | ||
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*10 healthy men | *10 healthy men | ||
* 40-60 years | *40-60 years | ||
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*admission was safe and well-tolerated | *admission was safe and well-tolerated | ||
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|[[RCT]], 10 weeks | |[[RCT]], 10 weeks | ||
*placebo (n=12) | *placebo (n=12) | ||
* 250 mg/day (n=13) | *250 mg/day (n=13) | ||
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*25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes | *25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes | ||
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|[[RCT]], 6 weeks | |[[RCT]], 6 weeks | ||
*placebo (n=12) | *placebo (n=12) | ||
* 300 mg/day (n=12) | *300 mg/day (n=12) | ||
*600 mg/day (n=12) | *600 mg/day (n=12) | ||
*1200 mg/day (n=12) | *1200 mg/day (n=12) | ||
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*48 young and middle-aged recreationally trained runners | *48 young and middle-aged recreationally trained runners | ||
*35 years in average | *35 years in average | ||
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*1250 mg/day (n=16) | *1250 mg/day (n=16) | ||
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* 31 healthy adult men and women | *31 healthy adult men and women | ||
*20–65 years | *20–65 years | ||
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*600 mg (n=20) | *600 mg (n=20) | ||
*900 mg (n=20) | *900 mg (n=20) | ||
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*healthy males and females | *healthy males and females | ||
*40-65 (49.3 in average) years | *40-65 (49.3 in average) years | ||
*BMI between 18.5 and 35 | *BMI between 18.5 and 35 | ||
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*Oral administration of NMN up to 900 mg/day for 60 days was safe and well tolerated | *Oral administration of NMN up to 900 mg/day for 60 days was safe and well tolerated | ||
*blood NAD concentration was significantly and dose-dependently increased | *blood NAD concentration was significantly and dose-dependently increased | ||
*significant improvement of six-minute walking test, blood biological age, and SF-36 scores | *significant improvement of six-minute walking test, blood biological age, and SF-36 scores | ||
* 900 mg/day oral dose did not give significantly better efficacy than 600 mg/day dose | *900 mg/day oral dose did not give significantly better efficacy than 600 mg/day dose | ||
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|{{pmid_text|35215405}} | |{{pmid_text|35215405}} | ||
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*placebo, before 12 pm | *placebo, before 12 pm | ||
*placebo, after 6 pm | * placebo, after 6 pm | ||
*250 mg, before 12 pm | * 250 mg, before 12 pm | ||
*250 mg, after 6 pm | * 250 mg, after 6 pm | ||
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*108 older adults | *108 older adults | ||
*≥65 years | *≥65 years | ||