2,851
edits
Caloric Restriction: Difference between revisions
→Calorie Restriction Mimetics
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
=== Potential Calorie Restriction Mimetics === | === Potential Calorie Restriction Mimetics === | ||
According to Ingram, various substances are considered as mimetics of calorie restriction in the human body: | According to Ingram, various substances are considered as mimetics of calorie restriction in the human body:{{pmid|16626389}} | ||
* [[2-Deoxy-D-glucose|2-Deoxy-<small>D</small>-glucose]] can initiate [[Ketogenesis|ketogenesis]]{{pmid|21747957}}, makes rats gain slightly less body weight than control animals and leads to a significant reduction in body temperature and fasting serum insulin levels, thereby simulating certain effects of calorie restriction.{{DOI|10.1089/rej.1.1998.1.327}} | * [[2-Deoxy-D-glucose|2-Deoxy-<small>D</small>-glucose]] can initiate [[Ketogenesis|ketogenesis]]{{pmid|21747957}}, makes rats gain slightly less body weight than control animals and leads to a significant reduction in body temperature and fasting serum insulin levels, thereby simulating certain effects of calorie restriction.{{DOI|10.1089/rej.1.1998.1.327}} | ||
| Line 84: | Line 84: | ||
* [[Rosiglitazone]] prevents fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by reducing the glucose infusion rate and improves insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production. It also improves the systemic elimination of non-esterified fatty acids.{{pmid|15232684}} | * [[Rosiglitazone]] prevents fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by reducing the glucose infusion rate and improves insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production. It also improves the systemic elimination of non-esterified fatty acids.{{pmid|15232684}} | ||
* [[Pioglitazone]], like Rosiglitazone, belongs to the class of substances known as Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones. | * [[Pioglitazone]], like Rosiglitazone, belongs to the class of substances known as Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones. | ||
* Soy [[Isoflavones]] appear to have cardioprotective effects similar to those of calorie restriction, such as reducing LDL cholesterol, inhibiting pro-inflammatory [[cytokines]], stimulating [[nitric oxide]] production, potentially reducing LDL particles, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and improving vascular reactivity.{{ | * Soy [[Isoflavones]] appear to have cardioprotective effects similar to those of calorie restriction, such as reducing LDL cholesterol, inhibiting pro-inflammatory [[cytokines]], stimulating [[nitric oxide]] production, potentially reducing LDL particles, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and improving vascular reactivity.{{pmid|17689850}} | ||
* [[Resveratrol]] increases the survival rate of obese mice compared to a control group of lean, untreated animals. Adding Resveratrol to the diet of lean mice, however, does not further increase lifespan.{{pmid|21261652}} | * [[Resveratrol]] increases the survival rate of obese mice compared to a control group of lean, untreated animals. Adding Resveratrol to the diet of lean mice, however, does not further increase lifespan.{{pmid|21261652}} | ||
* [[Rimonabant]] belongs to the [[Cannabinoids|endocannabinoids]], cannabis-like substances that can regulate appetite and energy balance. Rimonabant is a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker. By overstimulating the endocannabinoid receptor in the [[hypothalamus]], it stimulates [[fatty acid synthesis]] (lipogenesis), presumably by increasing [[adiponectin]] levels. This lipogenesis reduces intra-abdominal fat. Rimonabant also improves the lipid profile and glucose tolerance.{{Citation needed}} | * [[Rimonabant]] belongs to the [[Cannabinoids|endocannabinoids]], cannabis-like substances that can regulate appetite and energy balance. Rimonabant is a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker. By overstimulating the endocannabinoid receptor in the [[hypothalamus]], it stimulates [[fatty acid synthesis]] (lipogenesis), presumably by increasing [[adiponectin]] levels. This lipogenesis reduces intra-abdominal fat. Rimonabant also improves the lipid profile and glucose tolerance.{{Citation needed}} | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
* [[Sirolimus]]/Rapamycin, when administered to mice with food, inhibits the mTOR pathway and resulted in a significantly increased lifespan compared to control mice.{{pmid|21629433}} | * [[Sirolimus]]/Rapamycin, when administered to mice with food, inhibits the mTOR pathway and resulted in a significantly increased lifespan compared to control mice.{{pmid|21629433}} | ||
* [[Acipimox]] inhibits the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue and reduces the blood concentration of LDL particles, along with a reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol levels.{{Citation needed}} | * [[Acipimox]] inhibits the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue and reduces the blood concentration of LDL particles, along with a reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol levels.{{Citation needed}} | ||
== Todo == | == Todo == | ||