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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): Difference between revisions
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) (view source)
Revision as of 23:28, 19 December 2023
, 19 December 2023→Synergistic Supplements in Conjunction with NMN
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===Stilbenes: Resveratrol and Pterostilbene=== | ===Stilbenes: Resveratrol and Pterostilbene=== | ||
Stilbenes, particularly resveratrol and pterostilbene, are non-flavonoid phenolic compounds extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and their role in combating age-related disorders like diabetes and cancer{{pmid|23448440}}{{doi|10.7324/JAPS.2019.90717|Chan EWC, Wong CW, Tan YH, Foo JPY, Wong SK, Chan HT. Resveratrol and pterostilbene: A comparative overview of their chemistry, biosynthesis, plant sources and pharmacological properties. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2019; 9(07):124–129.}}. They are found naturally in grapes and berries, and studies have established their safety and bioavailability, with doses of resveratrol up to 5 grams and pterostilbene to 250 mg being well-tolerated{{pmid|23431291}}{{pmid|30513922}}. | Stilbenes, particularly [[Resveratrol|resveratrol]] and [[Pterostilbene|pterostilbene]], are non-flavonoid phenolic compounds extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and their role in combating age-related disorders like diabetes and cancer{{pmid|23448440}}{{doi|10.7324/JAPS.2019.90717|Chan EWC, Wong CW, Tan YH, Foo JPY, Wong SK, Chan HT. Resveratrol and pterostilbene: A comparative overview of their chemistry, biosynthesis, plant sources and pharmacological properties. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2019; 9(07):124–129.}}. They are found naturally in grapes and berries, and studies have established their safety and bioavailability, with doses of resveratrol up to 5 grams and pterostilbene to 250 mg being well-tolerated{{pmid|23431291}}{{pmid|30513922}}. | ||
Despite their potential, resveratrol and pterostilbene have shown lifespan extension only in certain preclinical models, with the results being context-dependent and subject to debate{{pmid|29210129}}. Pterostilbene is particularly notable for its higher bioavailability (80%) compared to resveratrol (20%), and its efficacy in upregulating antioxidant enzymes like SOD and GR{{pmid|23691264}}. This difference in bioavailability is critical in modulating the SIRT1 pathway, with co-administration of the two potentially maximizing their collective benefits{{pmid|18826454}}. | Despite their potential, resveratrol and pterostilbene have shown lifespan extension only in certain preclinical models, with the results being context-dependent and subject to debate{{pmid|29210129}}. Pterostilbene is particularly notable for its higher bioavailability (80%) compared to resveratrol (20%), and its efficacy in upregulating antioxidant enzymes like SOD and GR{{pmid|23691264}}. This difference in bioavailability is critical in modulating the SIRT1 pathway, with co-administration of the two potentially maximizing their collective benefits{{pmid|18826454}}. | ||
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In summary, resveratrol and pterostilbene, especially when used in combination with NMN, represent a strategic orthomolecular approach to enhancing longevity and managing age-related diseases. | In summary, resveratrol and pterostilbene, especially when used in combination with NMN, represent a strategic orthomolecular approach to enhancing longevity and managing age-related diseases. | ||
=== 3.2. CoQ10 === | |||
[[Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)]], also known as ubiquinol in its oxidized form, ubiquinone, is a crucial component in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Its role in cellular energy production and as an antioxidant makes it integral to health, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular diseases{{pmid|25126052}}. CoQ10 supplementation, especially in disease states, is aimed at restoring antioxidant activity to correct homeostatic imbalances{{pmid|24389208}}. | |||
CoQ10's cardiovascular protective qualities are well-established, with evidence showing its ability to improve hyperglycemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, and reduce the risk of cardiac events{{pmid|32331285}}. Notably, endogenous synthesis of CoQ10 declines with age, and higher mitochondrial levels have been linked to increased longevity. This connection is particularly evident in skeletal muscle health in the elderly, where higher plasma CoQ10 content correlates with improved muscle integrity and reduced levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP{{pmid|29459830}}. | |||
The importance of CoQ10 extends to lipid metabolism, where it plays a key role in maintaining lipid integrity and preventing LDL oxidation, thereby offering protection against atherosclerosis{{pmid|29451807}}. Replenishing declining CoQ10 levels in aging individuals is essential to mitigate the risk of age-related diseases and reduce the burden of oxidative stress{{pmid|31540029}}. Studies have shown that CoQ10 supplementation, combined with dietary changes, can improve metabolic profiles in elderly men and women, reducing metabolic and cardiovascular risks{{pmid|24986061}}. | |||
In the context of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which shares several characteristics with aging such as inflammation and oxidative stress, CoQ10 and NAD+ supplementation have demonstrated synergistic effects. These supplements have been shown to decrease maximum heart rate post-exercise and improve fatigue symptoms, as well as enhance levels of NAD+/NADH, CoQ10, ATP, citrate synthase, and lipoperoxides{{pmid|26212172}}{{pmid|25386668}}. | |||
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and age-mitigating effects of CoQ10 position it as a valuable supplement in an orthomolecular approach to combat the biological process of aging. This is especially true when considering its supportive role in enhancing NAD+ levels. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the synergistic benefits of combining NAD+ precursors with CoQ10 supplementation in aging and age-related diseases. | |||
==Clinical Trials== | ==Clinical Trials== | ||
Starting in 2020, with the assessment of the safety of a single dose administration of NMN, there have been around 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the compound's effects in various contexts. The trials have varied in duration, with the longest running for 12 weeks. In terms of dosage, they have explored a range of quantities, with the highest being 1,250 mg of NMN per day and 2,000 mg (2 g) of MIB-626, a specific formulation of NMN, per day. The following table provides a comprehensive overview of these trials, detailing their design, participant demographics, dosages, and key findings: | Starting in 2020, with the assessment of the safety of a single dose administration of NMN, there have been around 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the compound's effects in various contexts. The trials have varied in duration, with the longest running for 12 weeks. In terms of dosage, they have explored a range of quantities, with the highest being 1,250 mg of NMN per day and 2,000 mg (2 g) of MIB-626, a specific formulation of NMN, per day. The following table provides a comprehensive overview of these trials, detailing their design, participant demographics, dosages, and key findings: | ||