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== System and Organismal Level Changes == | == System and Organismal Level Changes == | ||
At the system level, brain aging includes changes in brain connectivity and function such as alterations in neural activity, neurotransmitter function, and white matter integrity. Aging is associated with a decline in the function of essential neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine and acetylcholine, which can lead to cognitive impairment. Brain aging is associated also with changes in brain structure, such as the loss of gray matter volume and changes in white matter microstructure.{{pmid|29874566}}{{pmid|16461469}}{{pmid|12548289}} At the organismal level, brain aging is associated with declines in cognitive function, sensory function, and motor function. Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system, immune system, and endocrine system can also impact brain function and contribute to age-related [[Neurodegenerative Disorders|neurodegenerative diseases]].{{pmid|34485280}}{{pmid|34600936}} | At the system level, brain aging includes changes in brain connectivity and function such as alterations in neural activity, neurotransmitter function, and white matter integrity. Aging is associated with a decline in the function of essential neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine and acetylcholine, which can lead to cognitive impairment. Brain aging is associated also with changes in brain structure, such as the loss of gray matter volume and changes in white matter microstructure.{{pmid|29874566}}{{pmid|16461469}}{{pmid|37024597}}{{pmid|12548289}} At the organismal level, brain aging is associated with declines in cognitive function, sensory function, and motor function. Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system, immune system, and endocrine system can also impact brain function and contribute to age-related [[Neurodegenerative Disorders|neurodegenerative diseases]].{{pmid|34485280}}{{pmid|34600936}} | ||
== Hallmarks of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders == | == Hallmarks of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders == |