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Age-Related Diseases: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Distribution of documents related to age-associated diseases.jpg|thumb|A wide collection of diseases are associated with aging. The figure illustrates the distribution of documents in the CAS Content Collection related to such age-associated pathologies. Among these major diseases are cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive disorders are also highly represented]] | [[File:Distribution of documents related to age-associated diseases.jpg|thumb|A wide collection of diseases are associated with aging. The figure illustrates the distribution of documents in the CAS Content Collection related to such age-associated pathologies. Among these major diseases are cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive disorders are also highly represented]] | ||
Decline of bodily functions upon aging is a major risk factor for crucial human pathologies. Moreover, because advanced age is the common inherent cause, such chronic disorders frequently take place concurrently as comorbidities in the elderly population.{{pmid|23746838}}{{pmid|25639909}} | Decline of bodily functions upon aging is a major risk factor for crucial human pathologies. Moreover, because advanced age is the common inherent cause, such chronic disorders frequently take place concurrently as comorbidities in the elderly population.{{pmid|23746838}}{{pmid|25639909}}{{pmid|33924362}}<ref>Basaraba S.Common Age-Related Diseases and Conditions. https://www.verywellhealth.com/age-related-diseases-2223996#citation-14 (accessed Mar 15, 2023).</ref> Among these major pathologies are cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Age-associated diseases impacting the musculoskeletal system are common as well, particularly osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hepatic steatosis are also common with age. Organ and tissue fibrosis, a pathological progression typified by excessive fibrous connective tissue production,{{pmid|25376879}} also raises upon aging and is one of the main causes for age-related deterioration of human organs. Overall weakening of the immune system increases susceptibility to infectious diseases.{{pmid|31148373}} [[Neurodegenerative Disorders|Neurodegenerative diseases]], such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, and sensorial malfunctions such as auditory and macular degeneration all increase considerably upon aging.{{pmid|31501588}}{{pmid|33924362}}{{pmid|30291149}}{{pmid|27479624}} | ||
* '''Cardiovascular disease''' is the most frequent cause of death in older adults. This disease class mainly includes coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia. Vascular stiffing and remodeling are known to take place throughout normal aging.{{pmid|29312916}}{{pmid|22773427}} | * '''Cardiovascular disease''' is the most frequent cause of death in older adults. This disease class mainly includes coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia. Vascular stiffing and remodeling are known to take place throughout normal aging.{{pmid|29312916}}{{pmid|22773427}} | ||
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* '''Sarcopenia''' is an age-related gradual loss of muscle mass and strength, a type of muscle atrophy primarily caused by the natural aging process. It is one of the most important causes of functional decline and loss of independence in older adults. Being physically inactive and eating an unhealthy diet can contribute to the disease.{{pmid|22955023}} | * '''Sarcopenia''' is an age-related gradual loss of muscle mass and strength, a type of muscle atrophy primarily caused by the natural aging process. It is one of the most important causes of functional decline and loss of independence in older adults. Being physically inactive and eating an unhealthy diet can contribute to the disease.{{pmid|22955023}} | ||
* '''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''' is a common age-related disease. It is typified by a reduction of airflow into the lungs due to the inflammation of airways, thickening of the lungs lining, and an overproduction of mucus in the air tubes.<ref>Basics About COPD. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html.</ref> | * '''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''' is a common age-related disease. It is typified by a reduction of airflow into the lungs due to the inflammation of airways, thickening of the lungs lining, and an overproduction of mucus in the air tubes.<ref>Basics About COPD. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html.</ref> | ||
* '''Cognitive decline''' produces mild short-term memory loss, difficulty finding words, and slower processing, which are all normal features of aging. Deviations from normal brain aging may lead to dementia, manifesting as memory loss, mood changes, confusion, communication difficulties, or deprived judgment.{{pmid|25875498}} Rates of dementia rise with age. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia,<ref>Types of Dementia. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia (accessed Mar 15, 2023).</ref> but a number of other disorders such as vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease can trigger it as well. | * '''Cognitive decline''' produces mild short-term memory loss, difficulty finding words, and slower processing, which are all normal features of aging. Deviations from normal [[Brain Aging|brain aging]] may lead to dementia, manifesting as memory loss, mood changes, confusion, communication difficulties, or deprived judgment.{{pmid|25875498}} Rates of dementia rise with age. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia,<ref>Types of Dementia. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia (accessed Mar 15, 2023).</ref> but a number of other disorders such as vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease can trigger it as well. | ||
== Further Reading == | == Further Reading == | ||