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Deregulated Nutrient Sensing: Difference between revisions
→Key Nutrient Sensing Pathways
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There are four nutrient sensing pathways: IIS, mTOR, AMPK and Sirtuins. The IIS and mTOR pathways indicate nutrient abundance, so downregulating them prolongs the lifespan by reducing cell growth and anabolic metabolism. On the other hand, the AMPk and sirtuin pathways imply nutrient scarcity, so their upregulation prolongs lifespan by reducing nutrient sensing, thus imitating dietary restriction. | There are four nutrient sensing pathways: IIS, mTOR, AMPK and Sirtuins. The IIS and mTOR pathways indicate nutrient abundance, so downregulating them prolongs the lifespan by reducing cell growth and anabolic metabolism. On the other hand, the AMPk and sirtuin pathways imply nutrient scarcity, so their upregulation prolongs lifespan by reducing nutrient sensing, thus imitating dietary restriction. | ||
*'''Insulin | *'''[[Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS) Pathway]]''': IIS is crucial for controlling growth and metabolism in response to nutrient availability. Dysregulation of IIS is associated with various metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity, and modulating this pathway has been shown to affect lifespan in various organisms. | ||
*'''mTOR Pathway''': The | *[[Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway|'''Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR)''' '''Pathway''']]: The mTOR pathway integrates signals from nutrients, growth factors, and energy status to regulate growth, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Overactivation of mTOR is linked to accelerated aging and age-related diseases, while its inhibition has been associated with lifespan extension. | ||
*'''AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)''': AMPK is activated under low energy conditions and helps restore energy balance by promoting catabolic processes and inhibiting anabolic processes. It plays a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis and is considered a key target for treating metabolic diseases. | *'''AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)''': AMPK is activated under low energy conditions and helps restore energy balance by promoting catabolic processes and inhibiting anabolic processes. It plays a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis and is considered a key target for treating metabolic diseases. | ||
*'''[[Sirtuins]]''': Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that respond to changes in the cellular energy state and regulate various metabolic processes, including the response to calorie restriction. They are implicated in the aging process and the development of age-related diseases. | *'''[[Sirtuins]]''': Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that respond to changes in the cellular energy state and regulate various metabolic processes, including the response to calorie restriction. They are implicated in the aging process and the development of age-related diseases. | ||