2,851
edits
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Difference between revisions
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) (view source)
Revision as of 01:55, 16 September 2023
, 16 September 2023→NAD+ Decline with Age
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
# DNA Repair: It's essential for the function of enzymes like PARPs and sirtuins, which are involved in DNA repair and have links to longevity. | # DNA Repair: It's essential for the function of enzymes like PARPs and sirtuins, which are involved in DNA repair and have links to longevity. | ||
# Cell Signaling: As a substrate for various enzymes, it plays a role in cellular communication and adaptations to stress. | # Cell Signaling: As a substrate for various enzymes, it plays a role in cellular communication and adaptations to stress. | ||
[[File:nihms790132f7.jpg|thumb|CD38/NADase increases during aging, and causes NAD decline and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction.]] | |||
=== NAD+ Decline with Age === | === NAD+ Decline with Age === | ||
| Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
* Enhanced vulnerability of DNA to damage. | * Enhanced vulnerability of DNA to damage. | ||
* Increased susceptibility to age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. | * Increased susceptibility to age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. | ||
A gradual increase in CD38 has been implicated in the decline of [[wikipedia:NAD+|NAD+]] with age.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Camacho-Pereira J, Tarragó MG, Chini CC, Nin V, Escande C, Warner GM, Puranik AS, Schoon RA, Reid JM, Galina A, Chini EN|title=CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism|journal=Cell Metabolism|volume=23|issue=6|pages=1127–1139|date=June 2016|pmid=27304511|pmc=4911708|doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.006}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Schultz MB, Sinclair DA|title=Why NAD(+) Declines during Aging: It's Destroyed|journal=Cell Metabolism|volume=23|issue=6|pages=965–966|date=June 2016|pmid=27304496|pmc=5088772|doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.022}}</ref> Treatment of old mice with a specific CD38 inhibitor, [[wikipedia:CD38-IN-78c|78c]], prevents age-related NAD+ decline.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tarragó MG, Chini CC, Kanamori KS, Warner GM, Caride A, de Oliveira GC, Rud M, Samani A, Hein KZ, Huang R, Jurk D, Cho DS, Boslett JJ, Miller JD, Zweier JL, Passos JF, Doles JD, Becherer DJ, Chini EN|title=A Potent and Specific CD38 Inhibitor Ameliorates Age-Related Metabolic Dysfunction by Reversing Tissue NAD+ Decline|journal=Cell Metabolism|volume=27|issue=5|pages=1081–1095.e10|date=May 2018|pmid=29719225|pmc=5935140|doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.016}}</ref> CD38 [[wikipedia:Knockout_mouse|knockout mice]] have twice the levels of NAD+ and are resistant to age-associated NAD+ decline,<ref name="pmid32595066">{{cite journal|vauthors=Cambronne XA, Kraus WL|title=Location, Location, Location: Compartmentalization of NAD + Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells|journal=[[Trends in Biochemical Sciences]]|volume=45|issue=10|pages=858–873|year=2020|url=https://www.jbc.org/content/294/52/19831.long|doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010|pmc=7502477|pmid=32595066}}</ref> with dramatically increased NAD+ levels in major organs (liver, muscle, brain, and heart).<ref name="pmid32594513">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kang BE, Choi J, Stein S, Ryu D|title=Implications of NAD + boosters in translational medicine|journal=[[European Journal of Clinical Investigation]]|volume=50|issue=10|pages=e13334|year=2020|doi=10.1111/eci.13334|pmid=32594513|s2cid=220254270|doi-access=free}}</ref> On the other hand, mice [[wikipedia:Gene_expression|overexpressing]] CD38 exhibit reduced NAD+ and [[wikipedia:Mitochondrial_disease|mitochondrial dysfunction]].<ref name="pmid32595066" /> | |||
=== Boosting NAD+ Levels === | === Boosting NAD+ Levels === | ||