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Trimethylglycine (TMG): Difference between revisions
→Studies
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|Prevents hepatic fat accumulation in ALD | |Prevents hepatic fat accumulation in ALD | ||
|Male Wistar rats; C57BL/6 mice; Balb/c mice | |Male [[Wistar rats]]; [[C57BL/6 mice]]; [[Balb/c mice]] | ||
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|X | |X | ||
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|Preserves/restores hepatic SAM: SAH ratios by regenerating SAM and lowering SAH and homocysteine levels in ALD | |Preserves/restores hepatic SAM: SAH ratios by regenerating SAM and lowering SAH and homocysteine levels in ALD | ||
|Male Wistar rats; hepatocytes; male C57BL/6 mice | |Male [[Wistar rats]]; hepatocytes; male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Restores activities of various liver methyltransferases (PEMT, ICMT, PIMT, PRMT) to increase phosphatidylcholine levels, preventing apoptosis and accumulation of damaged proteins, and restoring proteasome activity | |Restores activities of various liver methyltransferases (PEMT, ICMT, PIMT, PRMT) to increase phosphatidylcholine levels, preventing apoptosis and accumulation of damaged proteins, and restoring proteasome activity | ||
|Male Wistar rats; hepatocytes | |Male [[Wistar rats]]; hepatocytes | ||
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|Suppresses the synthesis of DGAT2, a rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, by alleviating ERK1/2 inhibition in ALD | |Suppresses the synthesis of DGAT2, a rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, by alleviating ERK1/2 inhibition in ALD | ||
|Male C57BL/6 mice | |Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Upregulates antioxidant defense system and improves oxyradical scavenging activity in ALD | |Upregulates antioxidant defense system and improves oxyradical scavenging activity in ALD | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|X | |X | ||
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|Prevents/attenuates ER stress in ALD | |Prevents/attenuates ER stress in ALD | ||
| Male C57BL/6 mice | | Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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| Exerts hepatoprotection by preserving mitochondrial function in ALD | | Exerts hepatoprotection by preserving mitochondrial function in ALD | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|Prevents elevations of CD14, TNFα, COX2, GADD45β, LITAF, JAK3, TLR2, TLR4, IL1β, and PDCD4 and NOS2 mRNA levels in alcoholic liver injury | |Prevents elevations of CD14, TNFα, COX2, GADD45β, LITAF, JAK3, TLR2, TLR4, IL1β, and PDCD4 and NOS2 mRNA levels in alcoholic liver injury | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|Prevents serum ALT and AST activity elevations in models of ALD and MAFLD | |Prevents serum ALT and AST activity elevations in models of ALD and MAFLD | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|Reduces liver oxidant stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in MAFLD | |Reduces liver oxidant stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in MAFLD | ||
| Male C57BL/6 mice | | Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Remethylates homocysteine, protecting from oxidant stress and restoring phosphatidylcholine generation in MAFLD | |Remethylates homocysteine, protecting from oxidant stress and restoring phosphatidylcholine generation in MAFLD | ||
|C57BL/6 mice | |[[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
|X | |X | ||
|X | |X | ||
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|Stimulates β-oxidation in livers of MCD diet-induced MAFLD | |Stimulates β-oxidation in livers of MCD diet-induced MAFLD | ||
|Male Sprague-Dawley rats | |Male [[Sprague-Dawley rats]] | ||
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|Alleviates steatosis and increases autophagosomes numbers in mouse livers with MAFLD | |Alleviates steatosis and increases autophagosomes numbers in mouse livers with MAFLD | ||
| Male C57BL/6 mice; rats | | Male [[C57BL/6 mice]]; rats | ||
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|X | |X | ||
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|Alleviates ROS-induced mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in MAFLD | |Alleviates ROS-induced mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in MAFLD | ||
|Male Sprague-Dawley rats | |Male [[Sprague-Dawley rats]] | ||
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|X | |X | ||
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|Prevents adipose tissue dysfunction in ALD | |Prevents adipose tissue dysfunction in ALD | ||
| Male C57BL/6 mice | | Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Prevents the formation of Mallory–Denk bodies through epigenetic means by attenuating the decrease of MAT1A, SAHH, BHMT, and AMD1 expression | |Prevents the formation of Mallory–Denk bodies through epigenetic means by attenuating the decrease of MAT1A, SAHH, BHMT, and AMD1 expression | ||
|C3H | |Male [[C3H mice]] | ||
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|Enhances expression of PPARα and elevates fatty acid catabolism | |Enhances expression of PPARα and elevates fatty acid catabolism | ||
|Male C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− mice | |Male [[C57BL/6 mice|C57BL/6]] and [[ApoE−/− mice]] | ||
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|Inhibits lipogenic activity in liver by activation of AMPK | |Inhibits lipogenic activity in liver by activation of AMPK | ||
|ApoE−/− mice; Male C57BL/6 mice | |[[ApoE−/− mice]]; Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Activates GI digestive enzymes and ameliorates intestinal morphology and microbiota dysbiosis | |Activates GI digestive enzymes and ameliorates intestinal morphology and microbiota dysbiosis | ||
|Male Sprague Dawley rats | |Male [[Sprague Dawley rats]] | ||
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|Attenuates alcoholic-induced pancreatic steatosis | |Attenuates alcoholic-induced pancreatic steatosis | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|X | |X | ||
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|Associated with resilience to anhedonia and prevention of stress-related psychiatric disorders | |Associated with resilience to anhedonia and prevention of stress-related psychiatric disorders | ||
|Male C57BL/6 mice | |Male [[C57BL/6 mice]] | ||
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|Treats asthma-induced oxidative stress, thus improving airway function of lung tissue | |Treats asthma-induced oxidative stress, thus improving airway function of lung tissue | ||
|BALB/C mice | |[[BALB/C mice]] | ||
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|Protects against cadmium nephrotoxicity | |Protects against cadmium nephrotoxicity | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|Protects against isoprenaline-induced myocardial dysfunction | |Protects against isoprenaline-induced myocardial dysfunction | ||
|Male Wistar rats | |Male [[Wistar rats]] | ||
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|Normalizes fetal growth and reduces adiposity of progeny from obese mice | |Normalizes fetal growth and reduces adiposity of progeny from obese mice | ||
|C57BL/6J mice | |[[C57BL/6J mice]] | ||
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