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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Difference between revisions
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) (view source)
Revision as of 09:54, 26 September 2023
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NAD+ is involved in several crucial biological processes: | NAD+ is involved in several crucial biological processes: | ||
# Energy Production: NAD+ helps in converting nutrients into energy within the mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells. | # '''Energy Production''': NAD+ helps in converting nutrients into energy within the mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells. | ||
# DNA Repair: It's essential for the function of enzymes like PARPs and sirtuins, which are involved in DNA repair and have links to longevity. | # '''DNA Repair''': It's essential for the function of enzymes like PARPs and sirtuins, which are involved in DNA repair and have links to longevity. | ||
# Cell Signaling: As a substrate for various enzymes, it plays a role in cellular communication and adaptations to stress. | # '''Cell Signaling''': As a substrate for various enzymes, it plays a role in cellular communication and adaptations to stress. | ||
[[File:nihms790132f7.jpg|thumb|CD38/NADase increases during aging, and causes NAD decline and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction.]] | [[File:nihms790132f7.jpg|thumb|[[CD38]]/[[NADase]] increases during aging, and causes NAD decline and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction.]] | ||
=== NAD+ Decline with Age === | === NAD+ Decline with Age === | ||
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* A decrease in mitochondrial function, leading to reduced energy output. | * A decrease in mitochondrial function, leading to reduced energy output. | ||
* Reduced activity of sirtuins, proteins linked to lifespan extension in various organisms. | * Reduced activity of [[Sirtuins|sirtuins]], proteins linked to lifespan extension in various organisms. | ||
* Enhanced vulnerability of DNA to damage. | * Enhanced vulnerability of DNA to damage. | ||
* Increased susceptibility to age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. | * Increased susceptibility to age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. | ||
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# [[Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)]]: Another NAD+ precursor that can elevate NAD+ levels in the body. | # [[Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)]]: Another NAD+ precursor that can elevate NAD+ levels in the body. | ||
# [[Caloric Restriction]]: It has been observed to enhance NAD+ levels and activate sirtuins. | # [[Caloric Restriction]]: It has been observed to enhance NAD+ levels and activate sirtuins. | ||
# NAD+ Infusions: Direct infusion of NAD+ is being explored as a method, although it's still in the early stages of research. | # [[NAD+ Infusions]]: Direct infusion of NAD+ is being explored as a method, although it's still in the early stages of research. | ||
=== Safety and Implications for Longevity === | === Safety and Implications for Longevity === | ||