2,851
edits
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= Table 2 = | = Table 2 = | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Assessment methods | ||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Researchers | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Year | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Country | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sample size | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Age range | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Population | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Aging biomarkers (Candidate → Final) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Hollingsworth et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1965 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |169 Males | |||
268 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10–70+ years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |17 → 9 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Webster and Logie | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1976 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Australia | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,080 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |21–83 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |37 → 7 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Takeda et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1982 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |200 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–69 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10 → 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Voitenko and Tokar | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1983 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Soviet Union | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |88 Males | |||
109 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |19–73 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |122 → 11 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Dubina et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1984 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Soviet Union | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |100 Males | |||
63 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |60–100 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |21 → 3 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR /PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1988 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |462 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–80 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30 → 11 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1989 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |69 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 42.6 ± 9.4 | |||
years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |18 → 7 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1990 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |65 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–64 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |18 → 9 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1996 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |221 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–85 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |17 → 8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura and | |||
Miyao | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2003 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |86 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |31–77 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |25 → 9 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Ueno et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2003 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |981 Females | |||
(cross-sectional study) | |||
110 Females | |||
(longitudinal study) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |28–80 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |31 → 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura and | |||
Miyao | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2007 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |86 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |31–77 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |29 → 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Bae et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2008 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,302 Males | |||
2,273 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |40–88 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |80 → 25 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nakamura and Miyao | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2008 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Japan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |86 Males | |||
93 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |31–77 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |29 → 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Park et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2009 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,588 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–77 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |11 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Bai et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2010 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |392 Males | |||
460 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–98 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |108 → 8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Cho et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2010 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |200 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–70 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |16 → 11/3 principal components | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Jee et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2012 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,604 Males | |||
760 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–85 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |14 → 8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Bae et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2013 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |66,168 Males | |||
55,021 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–89 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |34 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Levine | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2013 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |9,389 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–75 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |NHANES (1988–1994) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |21 → 10 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zhang et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2014 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |505 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |35–91 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |114 → 7 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zhang et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2014 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |69 Males | |||
70 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |35–91 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |105 → 6 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Belsky et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2015 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |New Zealand | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |954 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |38 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |The Dunedin Study | |||
(1972–1973) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mitnitski et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2016 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Canada | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,013 People | |||
(61.6% Females) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 80.8 ± 7.2 | |||
years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Canadian Study of Health and Aging (1991–1992) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |22 → 10 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Putin et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2016 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Russia | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |62,419 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |0–100 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Anonymous population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |41 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Jee and Park | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2017 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |912 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–80 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |31 → 8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Kang et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2017 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |165,395 Males | |||
98,433 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 44.2 ± 10.6 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
(including some early functional decline or disease) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zhang et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2017 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |581 Males | |||
792 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |19–93 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |74 → 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Brown et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2018 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,356 Males | |||
1,420 Females | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |70–79 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |The Health ABC Study | |||
(2013.11) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mamoshina et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2018 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea, Canada, Eastern Europe | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |142,379 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |≥20 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Anonymous population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |19 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Murabito et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2018 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2,532–3,417 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 45/62/67 years (Exam 2/7/8) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |The Framingham Heart Study | |||
Exam 2 (1979–1983) | |||
Exam 7 (1998–2001) | |||
Exam 8 (2005–2008) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |clinical BA:6 | |||
inflammatory BA:9 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |CNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Pyrkov et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2018 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |7,454 People | |||
(51% Females) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |6–84 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |NHANES (2003–2006) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1-Week Activity Data | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Hastings et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |6,731 People | |||
(52% Males) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–84 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |NHANES (1999–2002) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |12 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Jee | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |940 Males | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |30–80 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |32 → 6 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mamoshina et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Canada | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |149,000 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 55 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Anonymous population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |18/20/23(three DNN models) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |ConvLSTM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Rahman and Adjeroh | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |7,104 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |18–84 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |NHANES (2003–2006) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1-Week Activity Data | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Gaydosh et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2020 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China Taiwan | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |951 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 67.7 ± 8.3 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (2000) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |11 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zuyun Liu et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2020 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8,119 People | |||
(53.5% Females) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–79 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China Nutrition and Health Survey (2009) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |27 → 12 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Parker et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2020 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1,374 People | |||
(35% Males) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |71–102 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1991–1992) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zhong et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2020 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Singapore | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2,844 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |55–94 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (2008.03–2013.11) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |68 → 8/10(Males/Females) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |PCA/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Chan et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2021 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |UK | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |141,254 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |40–70 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Healthy population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |110 → 51 principal components | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Gialluisi et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2021 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Italy | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |23,858 People | |||
(51.7% Females) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 55.9 ± 12.0 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |The Moli-Sani Study | |||
(2005.03–2010.04) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |36 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Kuo et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2021 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |UK | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |294,293 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Average 56.7 ± 8.0 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |UK Biobank (2006–2010) | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |7 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |CNN | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Raghu et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2021 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |116,035 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |40–100 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |General population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Chest X-ray dataset | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |MLR/KDM | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Bahour et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2022 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |United States | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2,459 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20–80 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Diabetes, pre-diabetes, and NHANES (2017–2018) population | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Deep learning | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nusinovici et al. | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2022 | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korea | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |40,480 People | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |≥65 years | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Korean Health Screening study | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |retinal photos | |||
| | |||
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|} | |} |