Biomarkers

Longevity research has made significant strides in identifying biological markers, or biomarkers, that help predict lifespan and healthspan. Biomarkers for longevity are measurable indicators of an individual's health status and biological aging process. These markers can often indicate the functional capacity of various systems within the body and predict the risk of age-related diseases. By understanding and monitoring these biomarkers, individuals and healthcare providers can make informed decisions to potentially delay aging and improve overall health.

The Importance of Biomarkers

Biomarkers are valuable not only for predicting longevity but also for providing targets for interventions that may improve the healthspan. By understanding which biomarkers are associated with age-related decline, researchers and clinicians can work to develop strategies to address these issues before they lead to disease.

Monitoring and Improving Biomarkers

Regular health check-ups and blood tests are common methods for monitoring these biomarkers. Lifestyle interventions such as diet, exercise, stress management, and sleep hygiene have been shown to positively influence these markers. In some cases, pharmaceutical interventions may also be used to manage biomarker levels and mitigate health risks.

Sinclair's Top 5 Biomarkers For Longevity

Dr. David Sinclair, a leading researcher in the field of genetics and longevity, has identified several key biomarkers that are indicative of one's biological age and longevity. These biomarkers provide insights into the aging process and can serve as targets for anti-aging interventions.^[1]

Biomarker	Relevance to Longevity
Glucose Level HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels reflect average blood glucose concentrations over the previous three months. Higher levels are associated with an increased risk of age-related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Inflammatory markers, especially cardiovascular like CRP should be low	Chronic inflammation is linked to many diseases of aging. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation, and high levels may predict cardiovascular events and mortality.
Cholesterol markers including Lipoprotein(a)	Cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein(a), are predictors of cardiovascular health. Elevated levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.
Hormone levels (testosterone)	Hormones like testosterone can influence muscle mass, bone density, and overall metabolic health. Low levels in men have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Albumin	Albumin levels can indicate nutritional status and organ function. Low albumin may be a marker for poor health outcomes and increased risk of death.

Todo

2023, Correction to: Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non‑centenarians in a 35‑year follow‑up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort ^[2]
2021, Ranking Biomarkers of Aging by Citation Profiling and Effort Scoring ^[3]
2019, Hallmarks of senescence and aging ^[4] - Senescent cell biomarkers

References

↑ https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IPv7zHrRY7Q
↑ Murata S et al.: Correction to: Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non‑centenarians in a 35‑year follow‑up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort. Geroscience 2023. (PMID 37923875) [PubMed] [DOI]
↑ Hartmann A et al.: Ranking Biomarkers of Aging by Citation Profiling and Effort Scoring. Front Genet 2021. (PMID 34093670) [PubMed] [DOI] [Full text] Abstract
Aging affects most living organisms and includes the processes that reduce health and survival. The chronological and the biological age of individuals can differ remarkably, and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor the consequences of aging. In this review we give an overview of commonly mentioned and frequently used potential aging-related biomarkers. We were interested in biomarkers of aging in general and in biomarkers related to cellular senescence in particular. To answer the question whether a biological feature is relevant as a potential biomarker of aging or senescence in the scientific community we used the PICO strategy known from evidence-based medicine. We introduced two scoring systems, aimed at reflecting biomarker relevance and measurement effort, which can be used to support study designs in both clinical and research settings.
↑ Dodig S et al.: Hallmarks of senescence and aging. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019. (PMID 31379458) [PubMed] [DOI] [Full text] Abstract
The complex process of biological aging, as an intrinsic feature of living beings, is the result of genetic and, to a greater extent, environmental factors and time. For many of the changes taking place in the body during aging, three factors are important: inflammation, immune aging and senescence (cellular aging, biological aging). Senescence is an irreversible form of long-term cell-cycle arrest, caused by excessive intracellular or extracellular stress or damage. The purpose of this cell-cycles arrest is to limit the proliferation of damaged cells, to eliminate accumulated harmful factors and to disable potential malignant cell transformation. As the biological age does not have to be in accordance with the chronological age, it is important to find specific hallmarks and biomarkers that could objectively determine the rate of age of a person. These biomarkers might be a valuable measure of physiological, i.e. biological age. Biomarkers should meet several criteria. For example, they have to predict the rate of aging, monitor a basic process that underlies the aging process, be able to be tested repeatedly without harming the person. In addition, biomarkers have to be indicators of biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention. It is considered that the telomere length is the weak biomarker (with poor predictive accuracy), and there is currently no reliable biomarker that meets all the necessary criteria.

[1] ttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/IPv7zHrRY7Q

[pmid37923875-2] Murata S et al.: Correction to: Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non‑centenarians in a 35‑year follow‑up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort. Geroscience 2023. (PMID 37923875) [PubMed] [DOI]

[pmid34093670-3] Hartmann A et al.: Ranking Biomarkers of Aging by Citation Profiling and Effort Scoring. Front Genet 2021. (PMID 34093670) [PubMed] [DOI] [Full text] Abstract
Aging affects most living organisms and includes the processes that reduce health and survival. The chronological and the biological age of individuals can differ remarkably, and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor the consequences of aging. In this review we give an overview of commonly mentioned and frequently used potential aging-related biomarkers. We were interested in biomarkers of aging in general and in biomarkers related to cellular senescence in particular. To answer the question whether a biological feature is relevant as a potential biomarker of aging or senescence in the scientific community we used the PICO strategy known from evidence-based medicine. We introduced two scoring systems, aimed at reflecting biomarker relevance and measurement effort, which can be used to support study designs in both clinical and research settings.

[pmid31379458-4] Dodig S et al.: Hallmarks of senescence and aging. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019. (PMID 31379458) [PubMed] [DOI] [Full text] Abstract
The complex process of biological aging, as an intrinsic feature of living beings, is the result of genetic and, to a greater extent, environmental factors and time. For many of the changes taking place in the body during aging, three factors are important: inflammation, immune aging and senescence (cellular aging, biological aging). Senescence is an irreversible form of long-term cell-cycle arrest, caused by excessive intracellular or extracellular stress or damage. The purpose of this cell-cycles arrest is to limit the proliferation of damaged cells, to eliminate accumulated harmful factors and to disable potential malignant cell transformation. As the biological age does not have to be in accordance with the chronological age, it is important to find specific hallmarks and biomarkers that could objectively determine the rate of age of a person. These biomarkers might be a valuable measure of physiological, i.e. biological age. Biomarkers should meet several criteria. For example, they have to predict the rate of aging, monitor a basic process that underlies the aging process, be able to be tested repeatedly without harming the person. In addition, biomarkers have to be indicators of biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention. It is considered that the telomere length is the weak biomarker (with poor predictive accuracy), and there is currently no reliable biomarker that meets all the necessary criteria.

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The Importance of Biomarkers

Monitoring and Improving Biomarkers

Sinclair's Top 5 Biomarkers For Longevity

See Also

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References