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Caloric Restriction: Difference between revisions
→Activation of Sirtuin-1 and Reduced Expression of the mTOR Receptor
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===Activation of Sirtuin-1 and Reduced Expression of the mTOR Receptor === | ===Activation of Sirtuin-1 and Reduced Expression of the mTOR Receptor === | ||
Signal-regulating enzymes such as [[SIRT1|Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1)]] in mammals, or [[SIRT2|Sirtuin ''Sir2'']] in yeasts, may play a role.{{pmid|25349818}} The cells of calorically restricted test animals produce Sirt1 in larger quantities.{{pmid|19713122}} An increased production of Sirt1, in turn, reduces the expression of the mTOR receptor (''mammalian Target of Rapamycin''),{{pmid|20169165}} which is also associated with the aging process. The lifespan of mice can be significantly extended by administering [[Rapamycin]], which docks to the mTOR receptor.{{pmid|20331443}}{{pmid|19587680}} [[Melatonin]] is also being studied due to its activation of Sirtuin.{{pmid|25824609}} | Signal-regulating enzymes such as [[SIRT1|Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1)]] in mammals, or [[SIRT2|Sirtuin ''Sir2'']] in yeasts, may play a role.{{pmid|25349818}} The cells of calorically restricted test animals produce Sirt1 in larger quantities.{{pmid|19713122}} An increased production of Sirt1, in turn, reduces the expression of the mTOR receptor (''mammalian Target of Rapamycin''),{{pmid|20169165}} which is also associated with the aging process. The lifespan of mice can be significantly extended by administering [[Rapamycin]], which docks to the mTOR receptor.{{pmid|20331443}}{{pmid|19587680}} [[Melatonin]] is also being studied due to its activation of Sirtuin.{{pmid|25824609}} | ||
=== "Reprogramming" of Metabolism and Gene Expression === | |||
According to another theory, long-term reduced food intake "reprograms" the metabolism.{{pmid|17063031}} In mice under caloric restriction, a changed [[Gene expression|gene expression]] has been observed. On one hand, genes involved in [[Metabolism|energy metabolism]] are overexpressed,{{pmid|14688200}} while on the other hand, over 50 [[Inflammation|pro-inflammatory]] genes are downregulated.{{pmid|16424110}}{{pmid|19075044}} It's possible that the regeneration of some [[Stem cell|stem cells]] is enhanced.{{pmid|24211426}} In some strains of mice, a similar effect can be induced by [[Metformin]].{{pmid|25269675}} | |||
==Benefits of Caloric Restriction== | ==Benefits of Caloric Restriction== | ||