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# '''Antagonistic Hallmarks''': These hallmarks are the response to the damage caused by the primary hallmarks. Initially, they may be compensatory or protective, but when chronic or excessive, they become deleterious, contributing to the aging process. | # '''Antagonistic Hallmarks''': These hallmarks are the response to the damage caused by the primary hallmarks. Initially, they may be compensatory or protective, but when chronic or excessive, they become deleterious, contributing to the aging process. | ||
# '''Integrative Hallmarks''': These hallmarks are the culprits of the phenotype of aging. They result from a combination of the primary and antagonistic hallmarks and are ultimately responsible for the functional decline in tissues and organs seen in aging. | # '''Integrative Hallmarks''': These hallmarks are the culprits of the phenotype of aging. They result from a combination of the primary and antagonistic hallmarks and are ultimately responsible for the functional decline in tissues and organs seen in aging. | ||
=== The Nine Hallmarks of Aging (2013) === | === The Nine Hallmarks of Aging (2013) === |