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Trimethylglycine (TMG): Difference between revisions
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##'''Neurotransmitter Synthesis''': Through its role in the methylation process, TMG can indirectly support the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play crucial roles in mood regulation. | ##'''Neurotransmitter Synthesis''': Through its role in the methylation process, TMG can indirectly support the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play crucial roles in mood regulation. | ||
## '''Potential Antidepressant Effects''': Preliminary studies have shown that TMG, in conjunction with other treatments, might exhibit antidepressant properties, although more research is required in this area. | ## '''Potential Antidepressant Effects''': Preliminary studies have shown that TMG, in conjunction with other treatments, might exhibit antidepressant properties, although more research is required in this area. | ||
==Potential Risks and Side Effects == | ===Potential Risks and Side Effects === | ||
TMG, while considered safe when taken in recommended dosages, does come with potential risks and side effects that users should be aware of. | TMG, while considered safe when taken in recommended dosages, does come with potential risks and side effects that users should be aware of. | ||
===Recommended Dosages and Overdose Implications === | ====Recommended Dosages and Overdose Implications ==== | ||
*The typical recommended dosage for TMG supplementation is between '''500 mg and 3,000 mg''' per day, divided into two or three doses. | *The typical recommended dosage for TMG supplementation is between '''500 mg and 3,000 mg''' per day, divided into two or three doses. | ||
*Consuming TMG in excessive amounts might lead to gastrointestinal distress and may disturb the body’s metabolism of methionine and choline. | *Consuming TMG in excessive amounts might lead to gastrointestinal distress and may disturb the body’s metabolism of methionine and choline. | ||
===Side Effects=== | ====Side Effects==== | ||
TMG supplementation may cause [[wikipedia:Diarrhea|diarrhea]], bloating, cramps, dyspepsia, [[wikipedia:Nausea|nausea]] or vomiting.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|title=Betaine|date=2012|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548774/|work=LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury|access-date=2023-07-14|place=Bethesda (MD)|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|pmid=31644082}}</ref> Although rare, it can also causes excessive increases in serum methionine concentrations in the brain, which may lead to [[wikipedia:Cerebral_edema|cerebral edema]], a life-threatening condition.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
TMG supplementation lowers homocysteine but also raises [[wikipedia:LDL-cholesterol|LDL-cholesterol]] in obese individuals and renal patients.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Olthof MR, van Vliet T, Verhoef P, Zock PL, Katan MB|title=Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans|journal=PLOS Med.|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e135|year=2005|pmid=15916468|pmc=1140947|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020135}}</ref> | |||
====Drug and Supplement Interactions==== | |||
===Drug and Supplement Interactions=== | |||
*'''Anticholinergic Drugs''': TMG might interact with anticholinergic medications, which reduce the effects of acetylcholine, as TMG increases levels of choline, a precursor to acetylcholine. | *'''Anticholinergic Drugs''': TMG might interact with anticholinergic medications, which reduce the effects of acetylcholine, as TMG increases levels of choline, a precursor to acetylcholine. | ||
*'''Choline and Folate Supplements''': Concurrent use of TMG with other supplements that affect methionine metabolism, such as choline and folate, should be approached with caution, as they might synergistically increase levels of methionine, which could be detrimental. | *'''Choline and Folate Supplements''': Concurrent use of TMG with other supplements that affect methionine metabolism, such as choline and folate, should be approached with caution, as they might synergistically increase levels of methionine, which could be detrimental. | ||
===Special Considerations=== | ====Special Considerations==== | ||
*'''Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women''': There is limited research on the safety of TMG supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding; thus, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised. | *'''Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women''': There is limited research on the safety of TMG supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding; thus, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised. | ||
*'''Pre-existing Health Conditions''': Individuals with pre-existing health conditions, particularly those affecting the liver, should consult a healthcare professional before beginning TMG supplementation. | *'''Pre-existing Health Conditions''': Individuals with pre-existing health conditions, particularly those affecting the liver, should consult a healthcare professional before beginning TMG supplementation. | ||