Trimethylglycine (TMG): Difference between revisions

Trimethylglycine (TMG) (view source)

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 == Supplementation ==
 TMG is also available as a dietary supplement. As a byproduct of sugar beet processing, commercial TMG supplements are usually derived from this source. Additionally, TMG can also be found in smaller amounts in certain multivitamins and specialized supplements aimed at supporting liver health or methylation processes in the body.
+Nutritionally, betaine is not needed when sufficient dietary choline is present for synthesis.<ref name="ze">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of vitamins|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem|url-access=limited|vauthors=Rucker RB, Zempleni J, Suttie JW, McCormick DB|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2007|isbn=9780849340222|edition=4th|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem/page/n471 459]–477}}</ref> When insufficient betaine is available, elevated homocysteine levels and decreased SAM levels in blood occur. Supplementation of betaine in this situation would resolve these blood marker issues, but not compensate for other functions of choline.<ref name="eu">{{Cite journal|date=2016|title=Dietary reference values for choline|journal=EFSA Journal|volume=14|issue=8|doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4484|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 === Bioavailability and Metabolism ===
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 *'''Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women''': There is limited research on the safety of TMG supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding; thus, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised.
 *'''Pre-existing Health Conditions''': Individuals with pre-existing health conditions, particularly those affecting the liver, should consult a healthcare professional before beginning TMG supplementation.
-==Misc==
+==Studies==
-Although TMG supplementation decreases the amount of [[wikipedia:Adipose_tissue|adipose tissue]] in pigs, research on human subjects has shown no effect on body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure when used in conjunction with a low calorie diet.<ref name="pmid12399266">{{cite journal|last1=Schwab|volume=76|doi-access=free|doi=10.1093/ajcn/76.5.961|pmid=12399266|date=November 2002|pages=961–967|issue=5|journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr.|first1=U.|title=Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects|display-authors=etal|first3=L.|last3=Toppinen|first2=A.|last2=Törrönen|title-link=doi}}</ref>
-= Studies =
 Protective effects of TMG in experimental animal models, cell culture systems, and clinical studies.
 {| class="wikitable"
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 |}
-==Taking TMG ==
+== See also ==
-Nutritionally, betaine is not needed when sufficient dietary choline is present for synthesis.<ref name="ze">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of vitamins|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem|url-access=limited|vauthors=Rucker RB, Zempleni J, Suttie JW, McCormick DB|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2007|isbn=9780849340222|edition=4th|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem/page/n471 459]–477}}</ref> When insufficient betaine is available, elevated homocysteine levels and decreased SAM levels in blood occur. Supplementation of betaine in this situation would resolve these blood marker issues, but not compensate for other functions of choline.<ref name="eu">{{Cite journal|date=2016|title=Dietary reference values for choline|journal=EFSA Journal|volume=14|issue=8|doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4484|doi-access=free}}</ref>
-===Side effects===
-Trimethylglycine supplementation may cause [[wikipedia:Diarrhea|diarrhea]], bloating, cramps, dyspepsia, [[wikipedia:Nausea|nausea]] or vomiting.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Betaine|date=2012|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548774/|work=LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury|access-date=2023-07-14|place=Bethesda (MD)|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|pmid=31644082}}</ref> Although rare, it can also causes excessive increases in serum methionine concentrations in the brain, which may lead to [[wikipedia:Cerebral_edema|cerebral edema]], a life-threatening condition.<ref name=":0" />
-Trimethylglycine supplementation lowers homocysteine but also raises [[wikipedia:LDL-cholesterol|LDL-cholesterol]] in obese individuals and renal patients.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Olthof MR, van Vliet T, Verhoef P, Zock PL, Katan MB|title=Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans|journal=PLOS Med.|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e135|year=2005|pmid=15916468|pmc=1140947|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020135}}</ref>
+* [[Wikipedia:Trimethylglycine|Wikipedia article]]
-==References==
+==References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Orally Consumable Longevity Molecules]]