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Spermidine: Difference between revisions
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Spermidine is a naturally occurring biogenic polyamine, synthesized from the amino acid ornithine through the action of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). It is involved in various fundamental biological processes, including DNA stability, RNA transcription, translation, enzyme function, and cell proliferation. As a cellular polyamine, spermidine is essential for both normal and neoplastic tissue growth and is found in all eukaryotic cells. | Spermidine is a naturally occurring biogenic polyamine, synthesized from the amino acid ornithine through the action of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). It is involved in various fundamental biological processes, including DNA stability, RNA transcription, translation, enzyme function, and cell proliferation. As a cellular polyamine, spermidine is essential for both normal and neoplastic tissue growth and is found in all eukaryotic cells. | ||
==Dietary Sources== | |||
Good dietary sources of spermidine are aged cheese, mushrooms, soy products, legumes, corn, and whole grains.<ref name="Ali20112">{{cite journal|doi=10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5572|title=Polyamines in foods: development of a food database|year=2011|last1=Ali|first1=Mohamed Atiya|last2=Poortvliet|first2=Eric|last3=Strömberg|first3=Roger|last4=Yngve|first4=Agneta|journal=Food Nutr Res.|volume=55|pages=5572|pmid=21249159|pmc=3022763}}</ref> Spermidine is plentiful in a [[wikipedia:Mediterranean_diet|Mediterranean diet]].<ref name="pmid29371440">{{cite journal|vauthors=Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Pietrocola F, Kroemer G|title=Spermidine in health and disease|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=359|issue=6374|pages=eaan2788|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aan2788|pmid=29371440|doi-access=free}}</ref> For comparison: The spermidine content in human seminal plasma varies between approx. 15 and 50 mg/L (mean 31 mg/L).<ref>{{citation|editor-surname1=Ciba-Geigy|periodical=Wissenschaftliche Tabellen Geigy|title=Sperma|edition=8|volume=Teilband Körperflüssigkeiten|publisher=CIBA-GEIGY Limited|location=Basel|at=pp. 181-189|date=1977|language=de}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Food | |||
! data-sort-type="number" |Spermidine | |||
mg/kg | |||
!notes & refs | |||
|- | |||
|Wheat germ | |||
|243 | |||
|<ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=http://www.oryza.co.jp/html/english/pdf/polyamine_vol.2.pdf|title=Brochure on Polyamines, rev. 2|publisher=Oryza Oil & Fat Chemocial Co., Ltd.|location=Japan|date=2011-12-26|access-date=2013-11-06}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|Soybean, dried | |||
|207 | |||
|Japanese <ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Cheddar, 1yr old | |||
|199 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Soybean, dried | |||
|128 | |||
|German <ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Mushroom | |||
|89 | |||
|Japanese <ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Rice bran | |||
|50 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|chicken liver | |||
|48 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Green peas | |||
|46 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Mango | |||
|30 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Chickpea | |||
|29 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Cauliflower (cooked) | |||
|25 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|- | |||
|Broccoli (cooked) | |||
|25 | |||
|<ref name="Ali20112" /> | |||
|} | |||
Note - spermidine content varies by source and age. See ref for details. | |||
<ref name=":02" /> | |||
==In grains, the [[wikipedia:Endosperm|endosperm]] contains most of the spermidine. One of the best known grain dietary sources is [[wikipedia:Wheat_germ|wheat germ]], containing as much as 243 mg/kg.== | |||
==Dietary Sources== | ==Dietary Sources== | ||
Good dietary sources of spermidine are aged cheese, mushrooms, soy products, legumes, corn, and whole grains.<ref name="Ali2011">{{cite journal | doi = 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5572 | title = Polyamines in foods: development of a food database | year = 2011 | last1 = Ali | first1 = Mohamed Atiya | last2 = Poortvliet | first2 = Eric | last3 = Strömberg | first3 = Roger | last4 = Yngve | first4 = Agneta | journal = Food Nutr Res. | volume = 55 | pages = 5572 | pmid = 21249159 | pmc=3022763}}</ref> Spermidine is plentiful in a Mediterranean diet.<ref name="pmid29371440" /> | Good dietary sources of spermidine are aged cheese, mushrooms, soy products, legumes, corn, and whole grains.<ref name="Ali2011">{{cite journal | doi = 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5572 | title = Polyamines in foods: development of a food database | year = 2011 | last1 = Ali | first1 = Mohamed Atiya | last2 = Poortvliet | first2 = Eric | last3 = Strömberg | first3 = Roger | last4 = Yngve | first4 = Agneta | journal = Food Nutr Res. | volume = 55 | pages = 5572 | pmid = 21249159 | pmc=3022763}}</ref> Spermidine is plentiful in a Mediterranean diet.<ref name="pmid29371440" /> | ||