Hallmarks of Aging: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
! Hallmark
! Hallmark
! Description
! Description
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" |Primary Hallmarks
(causes damage)
| Genomic Instability
| Genomic Instability
| Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction.
| Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction.
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| Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage.
| Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage.
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Antagonistic Hallmarks
(responses to damage)
| Deregulated Nutrient Sensing
| Deregulated Nutrient Sensing
| Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging.
| Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging.
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| Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress.
| Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress.
|-
|-
| Cellular Senescence
| [[Senescent Cells|Cellular Senescence]]
| Accumulation of non-dividing, dysfunctional cells secreting harmful factors.
| Accumulation of non-dividing, dysfunctional cells secreting harmful factors.
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Integrative Hallmarks
(culprits of the phenotype)
| Stem Cell Exhaustion
| Stem Cell Exhaustion
| Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair.
| Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair.