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Hallmarks of Aging: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | |||
! Hallmark | ! Hallmark | ||
! Description | ! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" |Primary Hallmarks | |||
(causes damage) | |||
| Genomic Instability | | Genomic Instability | ||
| Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction. | | Accumulation of DNA damage over time leading to cellular dysfunction. | ||
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| Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage. | | Disruption in protein folding and stability leading to cell damage. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" |Antagonistic Hallmarks | |||
(responses to damage) | |||
| Deregulated Nutrient Sensing | | Deregulated Nutrient Sensing | ||
| Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging. | | Alterations in nutrient sensing pathways affecting metabolism and aging. | ||
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| Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress. | | Decrease in mitochondrial efficiency and increase in oxidative stress. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cellular Senescence | | [[Senescent Cells|Cellular Senescence]] | ||
| Accumulation of non-dividing, dysfunctional cells secreting harmful factors. | | Accumulation of non-dividing, dysfunctional cells secreting harmful factors. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Integrative Hallmarks | |||
(culprits of the phenotype) | |||
| Stem Cell Exhaustion | | Stem Cell Exhaustion | ||
| Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair. | | Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells affecting tissue repair. | ||